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Technology Review of Tension-LegPlatform Floating Wind Turbines Public Summary Report Author:Daniel Milano,Jason Buchan,Sonny Cain,Victoria Sykes,Vivien Maertens Date:01/09/2025 DISCLAIMER Whilst the information contained in this report has been prepared and collated in good faith,ORECatapult makes no representation or warranty (express or implied) as to the accuracy orcompleteness of the information contained herein nor shall we be liable for any loss or damageresultant from reliance on same. DOCUMENTHISTORY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tension-leg platform (TLP) designs have a number of advantages with respect to semi-submersibleplatforms, bargesand spar buoys. They have the smallest mooring footprint of all substructuretypologies and reduced motion responses in all degrees of freedom, with potential benefits in termsof lower cumulative fatigue damage and improved energy yield. However, in comparison to othersubstructure typologies, TLP solutions arerarelyadoptedin ongoing projectsand their technologyreadiness level (TRL) remains lower to date. The reasons for this reluctance can be attributed to alimited understanding of the technology and to a number of challengesfurther discussed hereinafter. Some of these challenges are technical in nature, such as complex mooring and anchoringrequirements, whilst others are operational-namely transport and installation complexity.Inparticular TLPstation-keeping systemsare subject tohighverticalloads, which therefore requiremuch larger anchorscompared tosemi-submersibles, spars and barges.TLPs are also considered topresentchallenges in shallow sites with high amplitude waves, caused by the wave-induced variablewater depth and the riskassociated with the snatch load that typically follows a slacking event-apotentially catastrophic event in which a tendon loses all its tension for ashort periodoftime-inharsh sea states. Tidal variation of the mean water level can significantly affect the pretension of themooring lines and therefore discourage TLP solutions. However, innovations in mooring andanchoring systems may be able to overcome some of theseissues offering project developers lightersubstructures with a reduced mooring footprint. Some of the perceived drawbacks associated with TLP solutions stem from unproven, anecdotalunderstanding of the technology, which the present study aims to confirm, or dismiss, as a result ofan evidence-based investigation. The authors conducted an in-depth exploration of the industry'shesitancy towards TLP-WTs via an extensive review of relevant literature and direct stakeholderengagement with the aim of comprehensively understanding the underlying reasons contributing tothe reluctance. The primary drivers influencing TLP design and their associated mooring systems were outlined alongwith the challenges that need to be addressed to unlock the technology on a commercial scale. Keyindustry developments and novel technologies that hold thepotential to facilitate the adoption andsuccess of TLPs in the offshore wind sector were identified. The insights gained from these activitieslay the foundation for informed decision-making and future strategic planningforTLP-based offshorewind technology. Within the remit of the study the following key conclusions can be drawn: •In comparison with other floating substructure concepts, TLPs encounter challenges such asmaintaining towing stability, turbine integrations and hook-up complexity, and addressing wave-exposed surfaces, however solutions have been identified to mitigate these technical challenges.TLPs also boast notable strengths, characterised by their ability to exhibit limited motionresponses, dynamic behaviour control through advanced mooring design, and a strong indicationof potential weight efficiency gains–albeitdependant on site conditions, water depth amongothers. TLPs provide easier access over semi-submersibles and barges, generate a positiveimpact on the dynamic array cable reliability, and have a reduced seabed footprint.Thesestrengths contribute to the appeal of TLP technologyforfloating wind applications, showcasingits potential to navigate diverse environmental conditions with enhanced stability and efficiency •Key priorities in the development ofTLPsencompass the implementation of modularsubstructure designs(albeit this is also true for other FOWT solutions),implementation of clear offshoreturbine integration strategies,optimisation of towing stability, and advancements inmooringand anchoringtechnology. These priorities underscore the industry's focus onenhancing the structural efficiency and stability of TLPs, ensuring their adaptability to variousenvironmental conditions.The establishment of clear operational processes is deemed crucialnot only for fostering industry confidence but also for minimising uncertainties associated withTLP applications. By prioritising these elements, the aim is to create a robust foundation for thewidespread adoption and successful deployment of TL