钠离子电池：技术简报

Unless otherwise stated, material in this publication may be freely used, shared, copied, reproduced, printed and/or stored, provided thatappropriate acknowledgement is given of IRENA as the source and copyright holder. Material in this publication that is attributed to third Citation IRENA (2025),Sodium-ion batteries: A technology brief, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. ISBN 978-92-9260-697-8 Available for download: www.irena.org/publications.For further information or to provide feedback, please contact IRENA at info@irena.org. About IRENA The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports countries in their transition to asustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository ofpolicy, technology, resource, and financial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable use About CEPRI The China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive research institution in China’s electric powersector as well as a subsidiary research institute of the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC). CEPRI is active in a broad variety of researchareas relevant to electric science and business, including power generation, transmission, and distribution, power supply and utilization, Acknowledgements This report was authored by Carlos Ruiz (ex-IRENA), Ann-Kathrin Lipponer (IRENA), Ran Yu, Lixing Xia and Huiming Zhang (CEPRI). Valuable input was also provided by IRENA and CEPRI colleagues: Francisco Boshell (ex-IRENA), Luis Janeiro (ex-IRENA), Jinlei Feng, ZafarSamadov (IRENA), Isaac Elizondo García (ex-IRENA) and Bin Zheng (CEPRI). The draft also benefited from the inputs and comments of external experts, including Rory McNulty and Catherine Peake (BenchmarkMineral Intelligence), Yonhuang Ye and Xinxin Zhang (CATL), and Maximilian Fichtner (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). IRENA is grateful for the support of the China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) in the preparation of this report. Editing and production was managed by Francis Field with the support of Stephanie Clarke. The report was copy-edited by Justin French-Brooks, with design by Miguel Ángel Ramos (Sambenito). Disclaimer This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the reliabilityof the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its officials, agents, data, or other third-party content providers pro-vides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any consequence of use of the The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of specific companies orcertain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to others of a similar naturethat are not mentioned. The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion onthe part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimi- Executive Summary5 Overview of battery storage technologies6 3.1Construction and materials12 3.2Supply chain14 3.3Pros and cons16 3.4Applications18 Figures Figure 1Annual power capacity installations, 2002-2022Figure 2Li-ion battery volumes in use by application, 2015-2023Figure 3Schematic of a sodium-ion battery Tables Table 1EV deployment and battery storage capacity forecasts, 2020-2050Table 2Present-day performance parameters of different battery technologies Abbreviations 1. Executive summary The energy transition relies not only on the widespread deployment of renewables, but also on the increasedcapacity for battery storage. Energy storage technologies, including batteries, are crucial for improving the Batteries are also key to transforming the transport sector. Battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs) areexpected to dominate road transport by 2050. As the transition accelerates, the need for battery storage in Several EV battery types exist, with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) playing a dominant role due to their longlifespan, high energy density and ability to deliver energy quickly. However, supply chain disruptions in 2021–2022 and recent geopolitical tensions have heightened concerns about the resilience and affordability of LIB SIB construction is similar to that of LIBs, which allows manufacturers to leverage existing knowledge andexperience. Unlike LIBs, SIBs rely on sodium compounds derived from abundant raw materials (e.g.soda ash),which are far more plentiful than lithium. This abundance suggests SIBs could help ease supply chain pressures SIBs are an emerging technology with promising cost-reduction potential and pe