全球服务贸易政策状况：来自最新数据的证据（英）

The State of Global Services Trade Policies Evidence from Recent Data Laura BaikerIngo BorchertRoberto EchandiAna M. FernandesIshrat HansJoscelyn MagdeleineJuan A. MarchettiEster Rubio Colomer Development EconomicsDevelopment Research GroupOctober 2025 A verified reproducibility package for this paper isavailable athttp://reproducibility.worldbank.org,clickherefor direct access. Policy Research Working Paper11242 Abstract The economic environment for services trade has changeddramatically over the past 15 years, driven by rapid tech-nological progress that has expanded the possibilities forexchanging services. How has trade policy responded tothese changes? How do policy stances in a wide rangeof service sectors compare across economies? With itsunprecedented global coverage, the Services Trade PolicyDatabase and the associated Services Trade RestrictionsIndex, developed jointly by the World Bank and the WorldTrade Organization, help address these questions. Thispaper makes three principal contributions. First, it offersan in-depth discussion of the current state of services tradepolicies and their differences across 134 economies and 34services subsectors. Second, the paper reveals how recent (2016–22) changes in policy stances have seen progressiveliberalization by lower-income economies but stabilizationor even slight policy reversals in high-income economies.This dynamic differs fundamentally from the trend thatunfolded after the Great Recession over 2008–16. Third,the paper shows the implications of policy changes over thepast six years on services trade costs, and it showcases howthe Services Trade Policy Database’s regulatory informa-tion can inform trade negotiations, regulatory analysis, andpolicy making. Alongside these contributions, the paperdocuments updates to the Services Trade Policy Database’seconomy and sector coverage and explains the latest meth-odological improvements made to the World Bank–WorldTrade Organization Services Trade Restrictions Index. This paper is a product of the Development Research Group, Development Economics. It is part of a larger effort by theWorld Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around theworld. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may becontacted at afernandes@worldbank.org, rechandi@worldbank.org, laura.baiker@wto.org, i.borchert@sussex.ac.uk, ishrat.hans@wto.org, joscelyn.magdeleine@wto.org, juan.marchetti@wto.org, and ester.rubio@wto.org. A verified reproducibilitypackage for this paper is available athttp://reproducibility.worldbank.org, clickherefor direct access. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about developmentissues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry thenames of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely thoseof the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank andits affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The State of Global Services Trade Policies: Evidence from Recent Data Laura BaikerIngo BorchertRoberto EchandiAna M. FernandesIshrat HansJoscelyn MagdeleineJuan A. MarchettiEster Rubio Colomer1,2 Keywords: services trade policy, investment, STRI, trade restrictions, quantification. 1Acknowledgments: The authors would like to express their gratitude to all WTO and World Bank colleagues who assistedin the process of updating and expanding the WB-WTO Services Trade Policy Database, which underpins this paper, especiallyFaith Abraham, Fatima Anjum Quraishi, Prakhar Bhardwaj, Giulia Jonetzko, Sabreen Khashan, Henrique Monteiro Souza, CloéTorbay, and Clémence Moreau. Cooperation by the OECD Secretariat, which made available data from the OECD ServicesTrade Restrictiveness Database, which was used as source of information in the World Bank-WTO Services Trade PolicyDatabase for 43 economies in 2016 and for 49 economies in 2022, is gratefully acknowledged. This paper is part of a WorldBank research project on trade in services, supported in part by the Umbrella Facility for Trade trust fund (financed by thegovernments of the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom).2Disclaimer: This is a working paper, and hence it represents research in progress. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They are not intended to represent the positions oropinions of the WTO or its Members and are without prejudice to Members' rights and obligations under the WTO. Theyalso do not necessarily represent the views of th