亚马逊投资对当地社区的社会经济影响

ABOUT OXFORD Oxford Economics was founded in 1981 as a commercial venture with OxfordUniversity’s business college to provide economic forecasting and modeling to UKcompanies and financial institutions expanding abroad. Since then, we have becomeone of the world’s foremost independent global advisory firms, providing reports,forecasts and analytical tools on more than 200 countries, 100 industries, and 8,000 Headquartered in Oxford, England, with regional centers in New York, London,Frankfurt, and Singapore, Oxford Economics has offices across the globe in AbuDhabi, Belfast, Chicago, Dubai, Dublin, Hong Kong, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Milan,Paarl, Paris, Philadelphia, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto. We employ 450 staff, includingmore than 300 professional economists, industry experts, and business editors— Oxford Economics is a key adviser to corporate, financial and governmentdecision-makers and thought leaders. Our worldwide client base now comprisesover 2,000 international organizations, including leading multinational companies All data shown in tables and charts are Oxford Economics’ own data, except whereotherwise stated and cited in footnotes, and are copyright © Oxford Economics Ltd. Amazon, Inc. provided the funding for this independent study. The findingsof this research reflect the analysis of Oxford Economics. This report is The modeling and results presented here are based on information provided bythird parties, upon which Oxford Economics has relied in producing its report To discuss the report further please contact:Oxford Economics•5 Hanover Sq, 8th Floor•New York, NY 10004 CONTENTS Foreword.....................................................................................................4 Executivesummary.........................................................................................6 Section1: Research motivations and study scope..................................8 Section2: How we assessed the impact of large Amazon fulfillment centers..........................................................102.1A quick guide to our approach in three simple steps............................................2.2What impacts did we test?........................................................................................... Section3: Key findings and insights..........................................................15 3.1Amazon investments spur growth in establishment formation.........................3.2Evidence of a sustained decrease in the unemployment rate...........................3.3Fulfillment center investments boost average earnings.....................................3.4Support for an increase in labor force participation........................................... Section4: Case studies................................................................................22 4.1Amazon in Fulton County, Georgia...........................................................................4.2Amazon in San Bernardino County, California..................................................... Section5: Final thoughts..............................................................................31Appendix1: Empirical strategy..................................................................32Appendix2: Data assembly........................................................................34Appendix3: Sensitivity analyses...............................................................36 Appendix4: Case study methodology....................................................38 FOREWORD THE SCOPE OF THIS RESEARCH This project investigates the socioeconomic impactof when Amazon invests in a local communityby relocating or opening a new fulfillment center. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Oxford Economics has undertaken a new research program that aims toshed light on the socioeconomic impact of Amazon opening, expanding, WHY HAVE WE DONE THIS? When Amazon decides to invest in a local communityby relocating or opening a new fulfillment center,the impact goes beyond just the direct increase inemployment—it also triggers a range of broader lasting impacts? This study seeks to provide anobjective and data-driven assessment. In doing so,we hope that our research will strengthen the quality HOW DID WE DO IT? In summary, our research methodology Econometric modeling Next, we estimated a set of econometric modelsto evaluate how these investments have affectedsocioeconomic outcomes. In simple terms, the modelswork by testing how the relative performance of the Data collection First, we compiled data on large Amazon fulfillmentcenter investments in US counties between 2008and 2023, and socioeconomic outcomes—statisticalmeasures that capture important aspects ofcommunity life. For this research, we have defined theformer as examples whereat least 1,000 additionalAmazon fulfillment jobs1were created in a county in Results application Finally, we applied the findings from our model totrace the impacts over time