关于建立国家疟疾数据存储库的指导

© World Health Organization 2025.Some rights reserved. This work is available undertheCC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. Contents Acknowledgements vi Acronyms and abbreviations vii viii Glossary Introduction 1.Context and background12.The need for an NMDR32.1.Fragmented and poorly managed data streams32.2.Inadequate surveillance and delayed monitoring32.3.Weak data integration and limited use for decision-making32.4.Poor coordination across stakeholders42.5.Inefficient resource allocation42.6.Strengthening health systems4 3.What constitutes an NMDR?4Geographical and organizational reference data6 4.Use cases for the NMDR6Key use cases6 9.Audience13 Phase 1. Planning the NMDR16 1.Convene stakeholders162.Create a shared vision for the NMDR163.Establish a governance mechanism174.Establish a steering committee and working group(s)175.Create a partner activity map186.Define the NMDR scope187.Conduct a high-level data audit and prioritization198.Develop a costed work plan19 Phase 2. Initial NMDR set-up and data integration25 1.Set up the platform for the NMDR251.1.Option A: configure a separate DHIS2 instance271.2.Option B: incorporate NMDR modules into the HMIS282.Decide which thematic area to use as the starting point293.Audit and map data294.Define key users and data use cases355.Configure the module in the NMDR395.1.Module set-up (defining data dictionary and indicators)395.2.Consolidate, clean and map data395.3.Data importation395.4.Future state data flow implementation405.5.Develop, refine and extend dashboards to specific needs405.6.Technical challenges during DHIS2 set-up41 Phase 3. Intermediate NMDR development: integrating additional modules 1.Decide which additional thematic areas and indicators to include442.Audit and map data, and prioritize modules for inclusion in the NMDR453.Define key users and data use cases46 4.Integrate the modules into the NMDR in a phased approach465.Continuously optimize data repositories and information systems47 Phase 4. Advanced NMDR development: governance and sustainability49 1.Establishing the steering committee and governance framework492.Ongoing governance and oversight503.Continue to develop and maintain the NMDR514.Training and deployment51 Case study. Mozambique’s Integrated Malaria Information Storage System 54 1.Platform selection542.Itemize and prioritize existing data sources553.Data system integration and organization56 Annotated bibliography Conclusion Annexes Annex 1. List of NMDR modules Acknowledgements This document was developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Malaria & NeglectedTropical Diseases Department in collaboration with national malaria programmes, technical expertsand partners. Victor Alegana (WHO Regional Office for Africa); Sameen Babur (Clinton Health AccessInitiative); Arnaud Le Menach (WHO Global Malaria Programme); Bram Piot (Bluesquare); ArantxaRoca Feltrer (PATH); and Ryan Williams (WHO Global Malaria Programme) contributed to thedrafting, review and piloting of the National Malaria Data Repository framework, in collaborationwith WHO regional and country offices; the national malaria programmes of Burkina Faso, Côted'Ivoire, Ghana, Mozambique and Nigeria; and funding and implementation partners including theGates Foundation and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The document wasreviewed by Julia Dunn (Clinton Health Access Initiative), Ibrahim Miakore (Federal Ministry ofHealth and Social Welfare, Nigeria), and Wahjib Mohammed (Ministry of Health, Ghana). Acronyms and abbreviations APIapplication programming interfaceBIbusiness intelligenceCHAIClinton Health Access InitiativeD2AData-to-ActionDHIS2District Health Information Software, version 2HBHIHigh burden to high impactHMISHealth Management Information SystemHRhuman resourcesiMISSIntegrated Malaria Information Storage SystemIPTpintermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancyIRSindoor residual sprayingITNinsecticide-treated netLMISLogistics Management Information SystemMD SyncMetadata Synchronization applicationM&Emonitoring and evaluationNGOnongovernmental organizationNMPnational malaria programmeNMDRNational Malaria Data RepositoryPMIU.S. President’s Malaria InitiativeSOPstandard operating procedureSMCseasonal malaria chemopreventionPMCperennial malaria chemopreventionWHOWorld Health Organization Glossary Application programming interface (API) An API provides a set of rules and instructions that lets different software programs talk to eachother. It tells developers what they can ask for, how to ask for it and the format of the results. Thetechnical details of how things are done behind the scenes to deliver the “what” in the “format” arehidden. Dashboard A customizable visual interface within the District Health Information System, version 2 (or otherplatforms) that displays data visualizations such as charts, tables and maps to support monitoring,decision-making and reporting. Data dictionary A structured c