人工智能时代的移动网络演进技术白皮书

Mobile NetworksEvolution in the AI Era Contents 2. Software-based Flexible Network.................................................................................................6 2.1. Network Evolution: from Purpose-built Hardware to Software-based Network2.2. Flexibility of Software-based Networks 3. Integration of AI and Mobile Networks.........................................................................................12 3.1. Why Software-based Networks are best suited for AI3.2. AI-powered Automation3.3. AI-powered Core and Radio Access Network 4.1. Personalized Network-as-a-Service4.2. AI-powered Autonomous Service Assurance4.3. On-Demand Edge AI-as-a-Service 5. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................22 Abbreviations AID-RANCPUKPIAPIDUCSRLLMCAPEXE2EC-RANMIMOCOTSGPUCUArtificial IntelligenceDistributed Radio Access NetworkCentral Processing UnitKey Performance IndicatorApplication Programming InterfaceDistributed UnitCell Site RouterLarge Language ModelCapital ExpenditureEnd to EndCentralized Radio Access NetworkMultiple Input, Multiple OutputCommercial off-the-shelfGraphics Processing UnitCentralized Unit mmWaveUEOPEXvDUMNOUPFRANvRANNaaSvCoreSLANFvCSRSoCMillimeter waveUser EquipmentOperational Expenditurevirtualized Digital UnitMobile Network OperatorUser Plane FunctionRadio Access Networkvirtualized Radio Access NetworkNetwork-as-a-Servicevirtualized Core networkService Level AgreementNetwork Functionvirtualized Cell Site RouterSystem on-Chip 1.Introduction Since its inception in the 1970s, the mobile industry has undergone a remarkable transformation drivenby the aspiration to transmit more data in less time. The evolution began with first-generation (1G)networks, which offered only a few kilobits per second of voice. With each subsequent generation, thecapabilities expanded exponentially: 2G ushered in speeds up to hundreds of kilobits per second, while3G peaked at several megabits per second. The advent of 4G revolutionized access, supporting high-speed data transmission of up to 1 Gbps. Now, with the arrival of 5G, users can experience lightning-fastservices exceeding 10 Gbps. This leap in technology enables high-definition video streaming, immersivemobile gaming, and seamless mobile office experiences anytime and anywhere. What does the future hold for the mobile industry? Samsung envisions a groundbreaking evolution in mobile networks that will further enhancetransmission capacity. These networks will be characterized by theirflexibility, automation,intelligence,and have a strong focus ondelivering service-oriented solutions.This progressiveapproach promises to revolutionize how we connect and interact in an increasingly digital world. The future of mobile networkslies in transcendingtraditional dedicated hardware setups and embracing atransformative shift toward hardware-agnostic softwaresolutions. By decoupling hardware from software, mobilenetwork operators (MNOs) can leverage commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) or general-purpose hardware, enabling themto install and run network systems seamlessly without theneed for hardware modifications. Many MNOs are alreadyleveragingsoftware-driven core and RAN equipment,andthis promising trend will undoubtedly gain momentumwith its strengths. In the very near future, a majority ofmobile infrastructure, including the core network, RAN, andtransport network equipment, will transition to a software-centric model, driving innovation and efficiency across theindustry. Mobile networks are on the brink ofa transformative shifttowards automation,significantly reducing the need forhuman intervention. As we face increasing complexity inmobile networks—driven by evolving capacity demands andfunctional advancements, these diverse components mustwork harmoniously. Network automation streamlines everyphase, from initial installation and ongoing operations topractical problem analysis and resolution. This methodologyreduces costs and minimizes the likelihood of humanerrors, resulting in enhanced network quality and stability.Embracing this automated approach is crucial for the futureof mobile networks. Mobile networks and products will be tailored tobe service-oriented and personalized.Software-based flexiblenetworks enable the creation of customized applications thatsatisfy more specific needs. When paired with autonomousnetworks and innovations driven by AI, these systemsenhance resource allocation, predict usage patterns, andoptimize service level agreements (SLAs). This combinationsystematically improves service quality and ensures anexcellent end user experience. Mobile networks will become more intelligent through theapplication ofartificial intelligence (AI), taking over taskstraditionally performed by humans or tasks requiring humanexpertise. For instance, with large language models (LLMs)and intention-based automation, networks can del