脱碳工业：扩大碳捕获和利用途径的考虑

Defossilizing Industry:Considerations forScaling-up Carbon Captureand Utilization Pathways W H I T EP A P E RS E P T E M B E R2 0 2 5 Contents Foreword3Executive summary41State of play51.1 The role of carbon capture and utilization51.2 The current CCU project pipeline81.3 Utilization pathways91.4 World Economic Forum Uplink start-ups112Policy barriers132.1 The state of CCU policy132.2 How policy could support CCU162.3 Considerations for addressing policy barriers193Financial barriers213.1 Investment trends in CCU213.2 Financial barriers and enablers along the innovation curve233.3 Considerations for addressing financial barriers264Cross-sectoral collaboration284.1 Leveraging collaboration to realize growth284.2 The role of multi-stakeholder collaborations304.3 Considerations for cross-sectoral collaboration325Ways forward335.1 Building credible and durable market signals335.2 Driving deployment in an immature market345.3 Collaboration and governance35Conclusion37Glossary38Contributors39Endnotes42 Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insightarea or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whoseresults do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety ofits Members, Partners or other stakeholders. ©2025 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording,or by any information storage and retrieval system. Foreword Fernando J. GómezHead, Future of Materials,Member of the ExecutiveCommittee, WorldEconomic Forum Simon FlowersChairman & Chief Analyst,Wood Mackenzie Industrial production is the foundation of theglobal economy, yet it is also a significant sourceof greenhouse gas emissions. As countries andindustrial sectors pursue pathways to net zero, thequestion is not whether carbon management isneeded, but how to do it effectively. choose to create the right conditions for innovation,deployment and learning. As momentum builds behind industrialdecarbonization, CCU merits thorough, context-specific consideration. We invite stakeholders– including governments, industry, investors andresearchers – to engage in a clear-eyed assessmentof CCU’s role within broader transition strategies.The challenge is to identify where CCU can deliverboth climate and economic value, and how targetedsupport can accelerate that process as part of alarger set of strategies delivering more sustainableproduction and emissions management Among the options available, carbon capture andutilization (CCU) offers a promising pathway toconvert captured CO2into products such as fuels,chemicals and building materials – potentiallycreating new industrial value streams whilereducing reliance on primary fossil feedstocks andcontributing to emissions abatement. While CCU is still at an early stage, with highcosts and uneven policy support, its potentialbenefits warrant attention. Policies currentlyfavour carbon capture and storage (CCS) overutilization and this imbalance, combined withlimited market signals, could shape the depth andpace of CCU’s development in the years ahead.Whether CCU proves to be a meaningful lever fordecarbonization will depend on how stakeholders The task is complex, but also full of possibility.With the right coordination, shared ambition anda willingness to test solutions, we can uncoverwhere CCU truly adds value. By fostering open,evidence-based dialogue and clarifying theconditions required to scale up what works,decision-makers can ensure that choices aroundCCU are deliberate, informed and aligned with asustainable industrial future. Executive summary CCU offers the potential to “defossilize”carbon-reliant industries – but for it tobecome viable, it requires supportive policyframeworks, patient capital and closecollaboration across stakeholder groups. Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) could presentan opportunity for reducing emissions from industrialsupply chains by converting captured CO2and othercarbon-based emissions into valuable carbon-basedproducts. CCU technologies therefore offer thepotential to “defossilize” industries that rely on carbonfeedstocks. A few re-use opportunities are alreadymature, such as urea production for use in fertilizers.Beyond this, there are technology pathways forreusing carbon in fuels, chemicals, constructionmaterials and other pure-carbon products beingdeveloped with potential for climate benefits. –Second, CCU companies face “valleys ofdeath”– as with many potentially important yetnovel technologies. These are characterizedby long development timelines, high capitalrequirements and immature business modelslacking well-defined routes to revenue. Thesefactors create barriers to conventional early-stage investment forms, such as