农业转型

Introduction: The Agricultural Sector and the Pathto Transformation Concrete examples of agricultural transformations Current Overview of Thailand's Agricultural Sector12 Krungsri Research View: How Will Thai AgricultureEmbrace Technology? Appendix19 References23 Unlessexplicitly stated otherwise,this publication and all material therein isunder the copyright ofKrungsri Research. As such, the reuse, reproduction, oralteration of this text or any part thereof is absolutely prohibited without priorwrittenconsent.This report draws on a wide range of well-established andtrustworthysources,but Krungsri Research can make no guarantee of theabsolute veracity of the material cited. Moreover,KrungsriResearch will not beheld responsible for any losses that may occur either directly or indirectly fromany use towhich this report or the data contained therein may be put.Theinformation,opinions,and judgements expressed in this report are those ofKrungsriResearch, but this publication does not necessarily reflect the opinionsof Bank ofAyudhya Public Company Limited or of any other companies withinthe same commercial group. This report is an accurate reflection of the thinkingand opinions ofKrungsriResearch as of the day of publication, but we reservethe right to change those opinions without prior notice. For research subscription, contactkrungsri.research@krungsri.com Introduction The global agricultural sector is facing challenges from a growing population, trade wars, climate change, andoutbreaks of plant and animal diseases, which are leading to food insecurity and economic inequality. Inresponse, many governments are pushing for “Agricultural Transformation” with the goals of increasing thequantity and quality of output, adding value across the supply chain, diversifying products, and mitigating risksfrom both natural and man-made disasters. The key technologies driving this agricultural transformation can begrouped into three categories: 1) technologies that change the overall production process, 2) technologies thatimprove specific parts of the process, and 3) technologies that create new products. In Thailand, most farmers are small-scale, with limited capital and skills. Krungsri Research therefore believesthat appropriate technologies should be ‘accessible, simple, low-cost, and deliver clear results.’ The proposedapproaches are as follows: 1) Knowledge and Skill Enhancement: Focus on using group applications, learningplatforms, providing online tools, and creating databases for decision-making; 2) Value Addition and MarketAccess: Implement basic processing technologies, traceability systems, and online marketplaces; 3) Transition toSmart Farming: Focus on cost reduction, promoting the use of applications for precise farm management, andutilizing small-scale agricultural machinery. With government support enabling farmers to access appropriatetechnologies, these measures can sustainably elevate the livelihoods of Thai farmers. Chaiwat Sowcharoensuk Senior Analystchaiwat.sowcharoensuk@krungsri.com+662296 2000 Ext. 50880 Introduction: The Agricultural Sectorand the Path to Transformation The agricultural sector has long been the backbone of the economy, playing a crucial role as the primarysource of food-one of the four fundamental human needs-and providing shelter as well as economic security.However, increasing external risks such as trade wars, global warming, epidemics, and environmentaldegradation have led to agricultural output in certain areas and periods being insufficient for consumption.This has resulted in a lack of food security, which could ultimately lead to economic and social inequality.Therefore, to ensure food security and improve people’s livelihoods, many countries worldwide areprioritizing the transformation of the agricultural sector. Agricultural transformationis the process of changing production methods and supply chain managementwithin the agricultural sector to enhance efficiency. This is achieved by applying technologies, innovations, andnew concepts to meet the evolving demands of consumers, society, and the global market. Key drivers of thistransformation include: Innovation and Technology:This is the core of agricultural transformation,as seen in the evolution of the agricultural sector from Era 1.0 to Era 5.0(Figure 1), each driven by new innovations and technologies. The currentera, Agriculture 5.0, integrates various technologies and innovations toboost production potential. Examples include the use of digital datacombined with engineering tools, the application of biotechnology toenhance the traits of plants and animals, and the use of agricultural data toanalyze production and sales strategies. Population:The United Nations projects that the global population willincrease to9.7billion by20501/, leading to a more than25% rise in fooddemand. Furthermore, the diverse global population-in terms of society,culture, religion, health, age, and income-has a variety of f