利用人工智能和云计算加速亚太地区的增长（英）

Leveraging Artificial Intelligenceand Cloud Computing to Accelerate KEY POINTS •Cloud computing andartificial intelligence (AI)adoption continues to growacross Asia and the Pacific.Regional AI spending reached$73 billion in 2024, with cloudspending at $203 billion.While private enterprises leadin technology investments, Donghyun ParkEconomic AdvisorEconomic Research and Development Raul KatzPresidentTelecom Advisory Services Juan JungSenior EconomistTelecom Advisory Services John BeirnePrincipal EconomistEconomic Research and Development AI and cloud computing’smost significant economicimpact comes from increasedproductivity and growth.Research shows that a 1%increase in AI spending yieldsa 0.03% gross domestic Natasha BeschornerSenior ManagerPublic Sector PolicyAmazon Web Services, Byeongjo KongDigital Technology SpecialistSectors Department 2 AI development andadoption are driven byresearch and development,startup support, AI modeltraining infrastructure, WHY DO CLOUD COMPUTING AND ARTIFICIAL Cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) are transforming global economies askey general-purpose technologies. Their impact spans manufacturing, health care, and Cloud adoption acrosssectors is enabled byunrestricted cross-borderdata flows, regulated industryincentives, fair market accessfor providers, local talent Cloud computing delivers IT resources through the internet using pay-as-you-gopricing. Organizations access computing power, storage, databases, and AI services on AI technology replicates human cognitive functions through image recognition, contentgeneration, and data-driven predictions. The relationship between cloud and AI issynergistic—cloud service providers (CSPs) supply the computing infrastructure that ISBN 978-92-9277-416-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-9277-417-2 (PDF)ISSN 2071-7202 (print)ISSN 2218-2675 (PDF)Publication Stock No. BRF250337 ADB BRIEFS NO. 352 The economic impact of these technologies operates through twochannels: direct spending on services and indirect spillover effects AI and cloud computing expenditures are closely interrelated dueto their complementary nature. When analyzing disaggregated As expected, the level of AI and cloud computing spending(measured as percent of gross domestic product [GDP]) iscorrelated with a country’s economic development. Descriptiveevidence also suggests that, given the characterization of AI and basic cloud services spending, such as data storage capacitypurchasing;non-cloud AI spending, including systems integration servicesfor implementing AI applications; CLOUD COMPUTING AND ARTIFICIAL The combined spending on cloud-based AI services and cloudinfrastructure by AI companies totaled $15.0 billion in 2024,representing 20.4% of the AI sector, with upward growth projected The adoption of cloud computing and AI services isaccelerating across Asia and the Pacific. Spending in high- andmiddle-income economies such as Australia, the People’s Republicof China (PRC), India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republic of Korea,Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand,and Viet Nam reached $202.75 billion for cloud computing (0.05%of these countries’ GDP) and $73.44 billion for AI (0.02% of thesame countries’ GDP) in 2024 (Figure 1) (International Data The private sector leads on AI spending across Asia and the Pacific.But spending on cloud and AI is also increasing in the public sector, AI spending calculations for Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand,and the Philippines used a prorated methodology based on eachcountry’s proportional cloud spending weight. These values were Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Cloud Computing to Accelerate Growth in Asia and the Pacific GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPACTS The analysis used nonlinear least squares methodology witheconomy- and year-specific fixed effects to measure how AI andcloud adoption spending affects these factors.3The following are Cloud services and AI spending directly increase skilledworker productivity and economic growth. The study analyzed26 economies using a Constant Elasticity of Substitution A 1% increase in AI spending yields a 0.03% GDP increase.A 1% increase in cloud spending yields a 0.01% GDP increase. These economic benefits occur through enhanced skilled workerproductivity.4As shown in Figure 1, the total economic impactcombines both direct technology spending and productivity physical capital stock,skilled labor, andunskilled labor. impacts for selected high- and middle-income countries of Asiaand the Pacific (Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Republicof Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, The spillover estimates in Table 3 support the following additionalobservations: The total contribution of generative AI, the last generationof technology entailing applications such as chatbots6andagentics,7reaches $60.9 billion (equivalent to 0.39% of the GDP The estimates set out in Table 3 illustrate the magnitude of spilloversas a mul