气候俱乐部成员钢铁和水泥行业的碳强度指标：2023-24年工作计划支柱1，模块1“克服排放强度指标的挑战”

Climate Club Work Programme 2024, Pillar 1 Module 1“Overcoming the Challenges in Emissions Intensity Metrics” This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of theMember countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. Photo credits: Cover ©Evgenii Panov/ Shutterstock © OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By usingthis work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text: Inthe event of any discrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text of original workshould be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text: This is an adaptation of an originalwork by the OECD. Theopinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported asrepresenting the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material,you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggestthe OECD endorses your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the PermanentCourt of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). Thenumber of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgments The report was developedby the OECDfor the Climate Club, which is co-chaired by Chile and Germany.It was funded by the Germangovernment.The report was authored byMauro Pisu, Yannick Hemmerlé,Aliénor Cameronfrom the OECD Economics Department, andAssia Elgouacem,Anasuya RajandClaraKögelfrom the OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration.The authoring team is grateful forcomments and insights provided by Fabrizia Lapecorella (Deputy Secretary General of the OECD),KurtVan Dender (Centre for Tax Policy and Administration) andDouglas Sutherland (OECD EconomicsDepartment). The authoring team would also like to thank Alberto Agnelli (OECD General Secretariat),Stephan Raes (OECD Directorate for Science, Technology,andInnovation),Joscha Rosenbusch (OECDGeneral Secretariat)and Deger Saygin (OECD Environment Directorate) for their support. At variousstages of advancement, interim outcomes andsections ofthis reporthave been presented and discussedwith Climate Club members during technical meetings under Pillar 1, Module1of the Climate Club WorkProgramme. These include:two technical meetings with government experts from Climate Club membersand an industry roundtable with representatives from industry associations and corporations in the steeland cement sectors.The reportalso draws from work of the Inclusive Forum on Carbon MitigationApproaches (IFCMA). Executive Summary Thisreport,prepared by the OECDforthe Climate Club (Module 1, Pillar1),presents anoverview of themain approaches to, and challenges faced when, calculating product-level carbon intensity metrics.Product-level carbon intensitymetricscan be used to develop, monitor, and evaluate carbon emissionreduction policies. Such policies can take the formof market-based instruments,includingtaxesandemissions trading systems,ofregulatory instruments, includingstandards, andofother instruments, e.g.public procurement initiatives.Product-level carbon intensity metricsenablepoliciesto be targeted atproductsthat contribute significantly tototal emissions,directingcleantechnologydevelopmentsfortheseproducts or encouragingthe development andconsumptionof cleaner substitutes. Thereportalsoshowskey trends over time andvariationsacross countries in the carbon intensity ofcement and steel products,based onfreelyavailableand commercialdata(Climate TRACE and CRU).Itthendrawslessonsonthe value of these datainaddressingchallenges in the computation of carbonintensity metrics and for the design andimplementation of mitigation policies. This reportinvestigatesthe main challenges ofavailable data forcomputing comparable carbon intensitymetrics,focusing on the industry sector.To this end, itdraws upontheanalysisoftheOECDInclusiveForum on Carbon Mitigation Approaches (IFCMA)on the main approaches used and the commonchallenges faced when calculating product-level carbon intensity metricsacrossemission-intensive trade-exposed sectors.This repor