智慧城市：区域视角

08 PrefaceAny study of Smart Cities would be difficult to defineconclusively unless examination of three main pointsof view are well carried out to identify the nature of theresearch study parameters:The Governance Viability: The practicality andcapability of the government in charge of the city is animportant factor in orienting the study and the way itis planned to be carried out. This is essential to makesure that the results the study would lead to, can bepragmatic and realistic. Given the model of Arab citiesgovernments’ structure, characteristics and capabilities,the viability of the study from the city governmentpoint of view is reliable and objective.The Economic Viability: As the Arab cities exist in fourmajor sub-regions of the Arab world, they exhibit widedifferences in the economic tenure in their respectivenational economies. In other words, the economicsituation in Arab cities is of four different types (GCC,Mashreq, Maghreb and South Tier countries: Seechapter 6), and each type has different financial andeconomic capabilities, keeping in mind Smart Citytransformation is essentially economically-driven inprinciple.The Corporate Citizenship Responsibility Viability: Thisviewpoint is best described by two quotes from famouspersonalities in history: William Shakespeare said “whatis the city but the people?” and the great Plato madeit clear in his saying: “The City is what it is because ourcitizens are what they are.” Unless we have citizensresiding in the city and have a commitment to it andshare corporate responsibility, no matter how successfulthe transformation, the city will not be smart. Thecommitment of the citizen, affixation and responsibilityto be part of the growing and developing a happierlife is key, otherwise the city will dwindle and become Preface3less smart every day. So the study has to considerthe different nature of citizens, culture, habits andexamine how to empower them and manage city-wideawareness campaigns and change management.This study is an entry for city government leaders andpolicy makers. It is not destined for technical people,but rather it is meant to become a common groundfrom which policy makers can take major decisionson the highest level, as to how Arab cities can startthinking of the transformation towards smart cities.The “Arab-city empowerment” is perhaps another wayof describing this study: how to make sure that Arabcities have a common stand and start strategizing futuredevelopment of their cities into the age of Smart Cities. 10|CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1.1 Goals of this Report1.2 Report Structure12|CHAPTER 2: SMART CITIES AND THEIR MISSIONS2.1 Introduction to the concept of Smart Cities2.1.1 An inevitable development2.1.2 Smart City Concept2.2 Smart Principles for Smart City Development2.3 Mission of Smart Cities2.4 Smart City Ecosystem2.4.1 Existence of a Smart City Ecosystem2.4.2 Developing a Smart City Ecosystem22|CHAPTER 3: SMART CITY STRATEGIESAND TRANSFORMATIONS3.1 Smart Cities Strategies3.1.1 Introduction3.1.2 Strategy for Change3.1.3 Strategic Concerns of Smart City Development3.2 Dimensions of Smart Cities3.2.1 Central Pillars of Smart Cities3.2.2 High-Priority Pillars3.3 Smart Cities: Governance Issues3.3.1 A starting note3.3.2 Concerns for governance of Smart Cities3.3.3 Essential Actions of governance of Smart Cities3.3.4 Legal background for governance of Smart Cities3.4 Transformation to Smart Cities Contents5 36|CHAPTER 4: ASSESSING SMART CITIES4.1 Introduction4.2 The Concept of measuring a Smart City4.3 Measurement levels4.4 Selected Metrics of a Smart City4.4.1 IBM Performance Measurement4.4.2 UN DESA e-readiness Metrics4.4.3 EU Medium-Sized Smart City Metric4.4.4 Triple helix metric4.4.5 ISO Metrics4.4.6 Global Urban Observatory: CDI for a Smart City?4.4.7 Global City Indicators Facility Metrics4.5 Successes and Challenges44|CHAPTER 5: SUCCESS STORIES OF SMART CITIES5.1 Smart Metropolis5.1.1 London5.1.2 Amsterdam5.2 Arab Smart Cities5.2.1 Dubai5.2.2 Masdar City5.3 Cities that are Getting Smarter5.3.1 SmartMalmo5.3.2 Smart Malta5.4 Technology Smart Cities5.4.1 SmartSingapore5.4.2 Smart Songdo5.5 Environment Smart Cities5.5.1 Tianjin Eco City5.5.2 Yokohama Smart City68|CHAPTER 6: OVERVIEW OF ARAB CITIES6.1 Introduction6.2 Characteristics of major Arab cities6.3 Urban Life Challenges6.4 A short note on Governance 74|CHAPTER 7: DEVELOPMENT OFARAB SMART CITIES7.1 Are there any principles to follow?7.2 Policies7.3 Strategy for development of Arab Smart Cities7.4 Challenges for Arab Smart Cities transformation7.5 Alignment with national e-governance7.6 Examples of Quick Wins7.7 Capacity Building & Change Management86|CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSIONS8.1 Forward8.2 Three rules!8.3 Recommendations and Perspectives90|APPENDICES98|REFERENCES Contents7 List of FiguresFigure 1: Essential elements of a Smart CityFigure 2: Components of a Smart City EcosystemFigure 3: Sectors of a Smart City EcosystemFigure 4: Layers of a Smart City EcosystemFigure 5: Sta