自然与保险业：迈向自然正向经济

Maryam Golnaraghi,Director Climate Change & Environment, The Geneva AssociationContributing author:Adrien Mellot,former Climate Change & Environment Intern, The Geneva AssociationNature and the Insurance Industry:Taking action towards anature-positive economy 2www.genevaassociation.orgThe Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; our membersare insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted in collaborationwith our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to identify and investigatekey trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlighting what is at stake forthe industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform to our membersand other stakeholders to discuss these trends and recommendations; and reach out to global opinion leaders andinfluential organisations to highlight the positive contributions of insurance to better understanding risks and tobuilding resilient and prosperous economies and societies, and thus a more sustainable world.Geneva Association publications:Pamela Corn, Director CommunicationsHannah Dean, Editor and Content ManagerPetr Neugebauer, Digital Media ManagerSuggested citation: The Geneva Association. 2022.Nature and the Insurance Industry: Taking action towards anature-positive economy. Authors: Maryam Golnaraghi andAdrien Mellot. November.© The Geneva Association, 2022 All rights reservedwww.genevaassociation.orgPhoto credits:Cover page– Drew McArthur / Irina Markova ContentsForewordTable of abbreviations1.Executive summary2.Introduction3.Human activities and large-scale, nature-based risks: A two-way street3.1The impact of human activity on nature and biodiversity loss3.2The impact of nature and biodiversity loss on society3.3Nature and climate change4.External factors driving nature-related considerations into core business decision-making4.1International agreements and socio-economic policies4.2Efforts to quantify the financial risks associated with nature and biodiversity loss4.3Investing in natural capital as part of sustainable finance frameworks4.4Attention of financial regulatory bodies to the financial risks of nature and biodiversity loss4.5Nature-related litigation4.6Corporate, sovereign and municipal credit ratings4.7Growing investor and shareholder awareness5.The insurance industry and nature-related risks and opportunities5.1Opportunities for re/insurers5.2The challenges of scaling up nature-related underwriting and investing6.RecommendationsAppendix: Nature- and climate change-related terminologyReferences 3Nature and the Insurance Industry: Taking action towards a nature-positive economy5679121216222626282828303131333743454850 4www.genevaassociation.orgAcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the members of The Geneva Association (GA)’s Emerging Environmental RiskAdvisory Committee, which was established under the GA Climate Change & Environment WorkingGroup, for fruitful discussions, reviewing the report and for the advice, content and feedback theyprovided throughout the project:•Oliver Schelske, Martin Weymann and Bernd Wilke (Swiss Re)•Jon Peeples (Philadelphia Insurance Companies, a member of Tokio Marine Group)•Chip Cunliffe (formerly of AXA XL) and MaryAnn Susavidge (AXA XL)•Steven Piatkowski and Dorothée Prunier (Chubb).We greatly benefited from discussions with the following experts, who provided examples for the reportand reviewed earlier drafts:•Mark Way, Jonathan Charak, Patrick McBride and David Edsey (Zurich North America)•Cherie Gray(Swiss Re)•Tamaki Bieri, Sarah Heard, Eric Roberts and Fernando Secaira (The Nature Conservancy)•Kim Hum (formerly of The Nature Conservancy)•Jennifer Howard, Emily Corwin and Miguel Cifuentes-Jara (Conservation International)•Michael Beck (University of California, Santa Cruz)•Nigel Brook, Wynne Lawrence and Zaneta Sedilekova (Clyde & Co)•Dennis Noordhoek (The Geneva Association)We are also grateful for our discussions with and feedback from members of the Working Group,established in support of our Climate Change & Environment research activities. Finally, we thankBaptiste Moinier, a former Climate Change Intern at the GA, for his contributions to the literature review,and the GA's Associates and Editorial Committee for providing helpful comments. From Risk Transfer to Risk PreventionNature and the Insurance Industry: Taking action towards a nature-positive economyNature loss is occurring far more than any of us realise. And it is essentially man-made.Take the Ukraine war, for example. Beyond the tragic loss of lives, the impacts on natureare massive. Warfare disrupts species and destroys habitats, sometimes rare ones. This is inaddition to the fact that most military aircraft and ships still run on fossil fuels.Climate- and nature-related risks do not only exist in parallel; they