2025年世界关税概况

Global trade onmost-favoured-nation termsSPECIAL TOPIC About this publicationWorld Tariff Profilesis a co-publication of the WTO,ITC and UNCTAD on market access for goods.This annual publication provides comprehensiveinformation on the tariffs and non-tariff measuresimposed by over 170 countries and customsterritories. Non-WTO members are included ifdata on the tariffs they applied in 2024 or 2023are available in the databases of the WTO, ITCor UNCTAD.For more informationThe statistical tables included in thisreport can be downloaded from the WTOweb site at www.wto.org/statisticsDisclaimerTheWorld Tariff Profilesand its contents are the sole responsibilityof the WTO Secretariat, ITC and UNCTAD, except for the opinion pieceswritten by the external contributors, which are the sole responsibilityof their respective authors. The publication does not reflect the opinionsor views of members of the WTO, ITC and UNCTAD. The authors ofthe publication also wish to exonerate those who have commentedupon it from responsibility for any outstanding errors or omissions. WTO ITC UNCTADWorld Tariff Profiles 2025ContentsGeneral note and abbreviationsIntroductionI.Summary tablesTariffDescription of column headingsTechnical notesAll productsAgricultural productsNon-agricultural productsTradeDescription of column headingsTechnical notesImports and exports profileII.Country/territory tariff profilesIndex of tariff profilesTechnical notesCountry/territory tariff profilesIII. Non-tariff measures1. Introduction2. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures2.1.Final measures by importing/exporting country/territory2.2. Final measures by product groups2.3.Final measures of the 20 most frequently affectedHS headings or HS chaptersIV. Special topicGlobal trade on most-favoured-nation termsIntroductionDataMethodologyResultsConclusionAnnexV.AnnexesA.Data sourcesB.Frequently asked questionsAcknowledgements 234667814202626272834363743196199201201211212216218218219219222223224226231234 WTO ITC UNCTADWorld Tariff Profiles 2025General note and abbreviationsThe statistics related to applied tariffsand imports are calculated usingdata which are based on the HSnomenclature adopted by the countryfor the reference year. For statisticson bound tariffs, the calculations arebased on the approved schedule ofconcessions of the WTO member.In previous issues of World TariffProfiles, each schedule is based onthe HS version which the memberused when it acceded to the WTO.Starting with the 2010 issue of thispublication, bound tariff statisticsare based on the approved scheduleof concessions for each memberin the most recent HS version. Thismight have some implications on thehistorical series of various boundtariff indicators affected by the useof a different nomenclature. Whilethe member’s commitments have notchanged as a result of the transposition,some aggregate statistics might havebeen affected as a consequence ofthe change to another HS version.The classification of products intoagricultural and non-agriculturalis based on Annex 1 of the WTOAgreement on Agriculture which listsall products covered in the Agreement.The Annex enumerates HS codesthat are subject to the agriculturenegotiations in the WTO and areconsidered agricultural products.HS codes which are not in Annex 1are subject to the non-agriculturalmarket access negotiations and areconsidered non-agricultural products.In the comparison of bound and appliedduties within countries and acrosscountries, the following caveats need tobe taken into account besides that of theeffects of different HS versions used andnomenclature breakdowns. These are:(1) binding coverage; (2) tariff bindingsnot fully implemented; and (3) AVEs.•While binding commitments coverall agricultural products, in principle,this is not always the case fornon-agricultural goods. There area number of WTO members wherethe binding coverage for non-agricultural products is less – andsometimes much less – than 100 percent. Also, a number of developedcountries have not yet fully boundall the tariff lines in their schedules.Any comparison of bound andapplied tariff indicators is only validin cases of full binding coverage.•For most WTO members, exceptthe most recently acceded ones,all commitments dating back tothe Uruguay Round have by nowbeen implemented. In caseswhere commitments are not yetfully implemented, one may seeMFN applied averages or maximaexceeding the correspondingbound duty indicators.•Last but not least, the calculationof AVEs may affect the comparisonbetween bound and applied dutieswhen the changes in nomenclaturehave resulted in the use of differentunit values. In other cases, boundduties have been expressed in away that is not directly comparablewith the currently used appliedduties. In a number of cases, theestimated MFN applied AVEs wereadjusted when the correspondingbound tariff lines were definedinad valoremterms. In thesecases, the corresponding boundad valoremduty was used asceiling for the AVE estimate.