人才海啸：利用印度的人口红利产生全球影响

The demographic dividend has put India on the verge of change. Defined asthe economic growth potential arising from a favourable age structure withina population, the demographic dividend occurs when the working-agepopulation (15-64 years) outnumbers the dependent population (children andthe elderly). With over 65% of its population under 35, India has a largeyouthful workforce, presenting both a challenge and an opportunity. This demographic advantage offers the potential to accelerate economicgrowth, enhance productivity, and establish India as a global talent hub.China and South Korea effectively leveraged their demographic dividends todrive industrial growth and economic prosperity. The opportunity is evenmore significant for India, as its demographic peak is expected to last until2055, providing a window to implement its strategic policies. India's expanding middle class, increasing digital penetration, and a thrivingstartup ecosystem contribute to its global appeal. The country is already anoted leading provider of IT services, pharmaceutical products, andengineering solutions. With the growing adoption of renewable energytechnology and advancements in healthcare and manufacturing, India ispoised to play a key role in addressing global challenges. H ow e v e r,t he r e a l i s a t io n of t h i sdemographic dividend is not automatic.Withinvestment in education,skilld e v e l o p m e n t ,h e a l t h c a r e ,a n dinfrastructure,India can further itsa d v a n t a g e .C h a l l e n g e s s u c h a sunemployment,underemployment,andregional inequalities need to be addressedto ensure inclusive growth. dynamic labour force capable of drivingproductivity. Accordingto the United NationsPopulation Fund (UNFPA), India is set toremain one of the youngest countries until2055, offering a multi-decade window toleverageits youthful workforce.Incontrast, many developed economies faceanaging population and a shrinkinglabour force. While China’s populationhaspeaked and Japan faces a severedemographicdecline,India’s growingworkforce can be a competitive advantageinmanufacturing,technology,andhealthcare. U N D E R S T A N D I N GI N D I A ’ SDEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND With over 65% of its population under 35and a median age of 28 compared to 38 inChina and 48 in Japan, India possesses a strengthen India’s global competitiveness. Keydrivers of India’s demographicdividend 1.Expanding labour forceIndia's working-age population is expected to grow to 1 billion by 2047, sustaining thedemographic dividend well into the nextfew decades. This increasing labour forceis key as many developed nations faceshrinking working populations. India’s demographic dividend is propelledbyseveral interconnected factors thatamplifythe country’s growth potential.T he s ed r i ver s ,w he n s t r ate g i c a l l yharnessed,can accelerate economicdevelopment,generate employment,and The rise of the gig economy and the spreadof digital platforms like Uber, Swiggy, andZomato have created flexible employmentopportunities, particularly for the youth.Remotework models and hybrid jobstructuresare integrating India’s talentpool into the global workforce. 2.Urbanisation and economicparticipation Rapid urbanisation has been a driver ofIndia’s economic growth. With 35% of thepopulation residing in cities, this figure isexpected to reach 50% by 2050. Urbancentres serve as hubs for industrial activitya n dfi n a n c i a l s e r v i c e s ,c r e a t i n gemployment opportunities across sectors.The growth of smart cities and large-scale infrastructureprojects under the SmartCities Mission and AMRUT has furtheracceleratedurban development.Theseinitiativeshave enhanced urban livingstandards and expanded employment inconstruction,real estate,transportation,and utilities. To fully capitalise on this demographicadvantage, targeted efforts are needed toenhance job creation across sectors andreducethe risk of unemployment oru n d e r e m p l o y m e n t .E n c o u r a g i n gentrepreneurshipand promoting micro,small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)canfurther absorb the growing labourforce. Bengaluru,Hyderabad,and Pune haveemerged as global IT centres, attractingi n v e s t me n t sf r o m m u l t i n a t i o n a lcorporations. The rise of Tier-2 and Tier-3cities as manufacturing and logistics hubsisalso decentralising economic growth,reducing the strain on metropolitan areas. 3.M a n u f a c t u r i n ga n dEngineeringIndia’s manufacturing sector is undergoing •FintechRevolution:Startups likePaytm, PhonePe, and Zerodha are drivingfinancial inclusion and digital payments.•E - c o m m e r c ea n d L o g i s t i c s : a transformation driven by governmentinitiativeslike Make in India andProduction Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes.Theseprograms aim to reduce importdependence,increase exports,andgenerate employment. Companies like Flipkart and Meesho areexpandinge-commerce penetration torural areas. •Deep Tech and AI:Indian startups aredevelopingAI-powered so