癌症头颈部宣传月：美国患者分布——地理、年龄、种族、性别和收入

By Angelina Martella Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income National patient overview Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises variousmalignancies, most frequently originating in thesquamous cells lining the oral cavity, pharynx,larynx, or nasal cavity, and less commonly inthe non-squamous cells of the salivary glands,sinuses, or muscles/nerves in the head andneck. Smoking and alcohol consumption,advanced age, and infectious diseases like HPVare established risk factors for HNC. estimated that of the 71,100 Americansdiagnosed with the major types of HNC in 2024,16,110 would die from the condition. Figure 1 shows the HNC patient count heatmapfor the 5,378 US organizations with HNC clinicaltrial experience that submitted medical claimsin the last 24 months for 247,280 patients. Ofthe 50 US states and the District of Columbia(DOC), California, Florida, and New York treatedthe most patients and accounted for 38% oftotal patients. Per Datamonitor Healthcare, HNC wasresponsible for 3.7% of new US cancer casesin 2020, and the National Cancer Institute The overwhelming majority of those treatedby these institutions are adults, with childrenrepresenting only 1% of this population.Ohio, California, and New York contain 42% of pediatric patients, and 11 states have noorganizations that have treated children forHNC in the last 24 months. Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income Distribution of HNC patients by race As per Table 1, over seven of 10 US patients wholisted their race on their claim and were treatedfor HNC in the last 24 months were white. Black patients account for the second-largest racialgroup at 10%. Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income The racial distribution of HNC patients acrossthe nine US Census Bureau divisions is revealedin Figure 2, where white patients represent themajority. The Pacific division holds the mostAsian (16%) and Pacific Islander patients (1%).East South Central has the largest percentage of Black patients at 20% and the Middle Atlanticdivision has the highest percent of Latinopatients (11%). West North Central is the leastdiverse with more than 10 percent more whitepatients than Table 1’s HNC national average. Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income Hawaii and Nevada the most Pacific Islander,Maine and North Dakota (data not shown) themost white, and New Mexico, California, andTexas the most Latino. At the state level, only Hawaii and the Districtof Columbia have a combined majority ofnon-white patients. Of all states, the DOC andMississippi have the highest proportion of Blackpatients, Hawaii and California the most Asian, Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income As referenced in Table 2, in 71% of US states,the percentage of white patients exceeds theHNC white national average (Table 1), makingthis group the most predominantly represented.In the 19 states where Black patients areoverrepresented, the group averages 9.2% morepatients above the Black HNC national average.This is significant because a study that reviewed the National Cancer Database found that Blackpatients have decreased HNC survival rateswhen compared to their white counterparts.Asians are the minority ethnic group withthe highest rate above their group’s nationalaverage in the nine states where their patientpercentage was larger than average. Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income Gender outlook of HNC patients Over seven in 10 HNC patients are male and,as shown in Figure 4, each state has a higherpercentage of male patients. Specifically,Montana has the highest proportion of malesfollowed by Delaware, Maine, and Rhode Island. In contrast, the states with the highestproportion of female patients are the District ofColumbia, Minnesota, and California. Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income Patient income and social determinants ofhealth overview Close to one in three patients has an incomeof $40k to $74k. The second-largest averageincome group is patients making over $150kannually. As can be seen in Figure 5, the highest income group represents the largest proportionof patients in the Pacific and Middle Atlanticdivisions. Head and Neck Cancer Awareness Month Spotlight:an Overview of US Patient Distributionsby Geography, Age, Race, Gender, and Income Over one in five patients has an income of≤$20k–$39k. As can be seen in Figure 6, Montana, Arkansas, and Mississippi ha