下一代列车控制系统的现代软件技术

On-Board Automatic Train Control (ATC)A major component of a train control system is the on-board automatictrain control (ATC), which monitors a train’s position (GPS) and speed,enabling it to activate brakes as necessary to enforce speed restrictionsand movement in order to prevent accidents. The three key functions ofon-board ATC are:•Acceleration and control of locomotive speed according to routelocation, rail conditions, and various stations or stops•Control and implementation of the braking system as required by thedata supplied to the ATC from the back-office train control system•Relay and reception of communication about the train’s location, othertrain locations, and track conditionsThe ATC comprises many separate compute systems that provide thecentral system with data. These separate functional systems can beconsolidated using virtualization technology. Rather than multiple single-function compute platforms — with, for example, one reading rail conditiondata and another controlling speed and a third operating the brake system— these systems can function as three virtual machines, managed by ahypervisor on a single compute platform for the on-board ATC system.Wind River®Helix™ Virtualization Platform is a virtualization softwaretechnology based on the VxWorks®real-time operating system (RTOS) thatcan provide the virtual machine capability to consolidate these differentfunctions onto a single system with real-time capability as defined by theapplication, communications backhaul application, or safety requirement. Inaddition, the latest release of VxWorks includes support for OCI containersto use traditional IT-like technologies for development and deployment.Communications today are provided using GSM-R wireless network andoptical networks; recent new systems are using LTE-R, a high-speednetwork specifically designed for railways and smart trains, to quicklytransmit data to the on-board ATC from the various components, sensors,and rail communications. Ultimately, 5G technologies, such as those in theFuture Railway Mobile Communication System, or FRMCS, will become thewireless communication mainstay. 5G will provide the bandwidth and speedfor real-time processing of massive amounts of video-based data and raildata, both in the train and as part of the track condition monitoring.Wayside Rail MonitoringA wayside system monitors and operates track signals, switches, and trackcircuits to communicate data permitting the on-board system to authorizemovement of a locomotive and train. Additionally, wayside rail monitoringsystems can assess the operational performance of infrastructure assets,rolling trains, and the surrounding environment of the track. Their manage-ment data improves performance and preventive maintenance strategies,increasing asset availability, cost optimization, and safety.2 •VxWorks:The world’sleading real-time operatingsystem, enabling determinis-tic applications scaling fromvery small compute pack-ages and including supportfor OCI containers•Wind River Linux:Industry-leading open source operat-ing system for connecting,securing, and running IoTsystems, application contain-ers, networks, and devices•Wind River Studio LinuxServices:EmbeddedLinuxplatform solution design,implementation, security,and lifecycle managementcapabilities services•Wind River Studio Operator:Distributed cloud infra-structure with analytics,automation, and lifecyclemanagement for virtualiza-tion of train control systemapplications, reducing OpExand increasing agility•Wind River developmenttools:Powerful tools tosave developers time andincrease quality The wayside system communicates track-to-train and vice versa to connect with the on-board ATC equipment,providing data for both systems. The data is communicated to the back-office server system to monitor andassess train locations, wayside operations, and operation of trains across the system. The data transmission issupported by fiber-optic systems and radio equipment using the current GSM-R wireless network that is, as notedabove, being replaced by LTE-R and ultimately by 5G technologies and fast over-the-air (OTA) communications.The wayside rail monitoring system combines multiple applications, sensors, and communication systems toimprove efficiencies and data speed. It will require a virtualization platform such as Helix Platform that can handlemultiple applications in safety-partitioned virtual machines. Helix Platform can provide virtual machines that canrun virtually any operating system — unmodified — such as VxWorks, Wind River Linux, and Windows. HelixPlatform eases portability for legacy applications mixed with modern applications and operating systems.Back-Office Train Management System (TMS)For central monitoring and control of train operations, the back-office TMS is integral to the overall system. Safetyis its primary requirement. Running on the back-office server system, the TMS will analyze the data received andsend appropriate data and instructi