为什么基础设施投资者必须解决生物多样性损失问题

© Oliver WymanDearReader,We are pleased to present“Biodiversity and InfrastructureInvesting: How infrastructure investors are factoring biodiversityimpacts into decision-making.”This timely report, developedin partnership between WWF andOliver Wyman, builds onour commitment to sustainable infrastructureinvestment.Biodiversity loss is a global crisis that demands immediateattention. Its consequences threaten ecosystems, economies,and the well-being of all life. Infrastructure investors musturgently address the impact of their investments on biodiversity,and this report provides the essential insights to doso.The report examines why biodiversity loss merits the same focus as climate change,highlighting the increasing awareness and evolving regulations in this area. It exploreshow investors can use existing tools to address biodiversity risks while uncovering newopportunities. Best practice case studies demonstrate how leading investors are integratingbiodiversity considerations throughout the investment process, setting a continuouslyimproving bar and proving that positive change isachievable.This report is a critical resource for infrastructure investors and advisors. Bymaking biodiversity central to investment decisions, we can protect our planet’slife support systems, ensure the resilience of essential infrastructure, and drivesustainabledevelopment.We thank the authors and contributors for their invaluable work and hope this reportcatalyzes collaboration and decisive action towards a future in which nature andinfrastructure investments work inharmony.Sincerely,VivekKumarChief ExecutiveOfficerWorld Wide Fund for Nature(Singapore) © Oliver WymanABOUT THISREPORTObjectiveThis white paper, developed byOliver Wymanand WWF, the global conservation organization, reviews howinfrastructure investors and their advisors incorporate biodiversity into investing. It explores approachesused to assess biodiversity impacts and risks, and investor rationale for considering these impacts and risksin decision-making. It presents perspectives on the outlook for further progress and where improvement is ofmostvalue.This work builds onOliver Wymanand WWF’s 2020 white paper “Incorporating Sustainability into Infrastructure:How climate and nature-related factors are applied in the investment process”, which looked at a range of ESGconsiderations, including biodiversity. This new paper aims to increase awareness of biodiversity loss specifically,as a crisis comparable to climate change which threatens the global economy and the well-being of alllife.ResearchThis paper relied on the followingresearch:•A global infrastructure investor surveywith51 responses, including 20 investors with>US$5 billion in assets under management,forming the primary basis of thisreport.•Direct interviewswith selected surveyrespondents to supplement surveyfindings.•In-depth literature reviewto contextualizesurvey findings and provide examples ofinitiatives, regulatory changes, and investoractions on biodiversityloss.CitationOliver Wymanand WWF (2024)Biodiversity andInfrastructureInvesting. StructureFindings are presented in five mainsections:•Biodiversity loss:Infrastructure’s impacts onbiodiversity, and risks forinvestors.•Growing awareness and action:Evidence ofgrowing awareness, and policydevelopments.•Investor current practice:Approaches,frameworks, and metrics used byinvestors.•Outlook for further progress:Factors drivingchange, role of barriers, and keyactions.•Best practice case studies:Examples of bestpractice throughout the investmentlifecycle. 3 © Oliver WymanEXECUTIVESUMMARYInfrastructure investors have made progressintegrating environmental, social and governance(ESG) considerations into investment decisions.But, there is room to better measure and mitigateinvestments’ impacts onbiodiversity.The loss of biodiversity is a critical global issuethat threatens the well-being and livelihoods of allpeople. Infrastructure — essential, built assets thatunderpin the global economy — contributes to thiscrisis through five nature impacts: climate change,habitat change, pollution, resource use, and invasivespeciesspread.In turn, biodiversity loss creates physical andtransition risks for infrastructure. Mitigating theserisks and investing in nature is critical to ensureeconomic resilience, drive sustainable development,and conserve our naturalworld.Most investors surveyed for this white paper assessthe climate change impacts of their portfolios (82%,N=51). However, investors less commonly assessother nature impacts that contribute to biodiversityloss: 59% of respondents assess habitat change, 45%resource use, 39% pollution, and 12% invasive speciesspread. These results reflect advanced awarenessand action on climate change, while familiarity withother nature impacts is stilldeveloping.Investors often rely on qualitative methods to assessnature impacts. Some incorporate quantitativemetrics (for example, area of land cleared).Quantitative measures are mor