加强罗马尼亚公共就业前和公共就业后的框架

Strengthening theFrameworkonPre‑ andPost‑Public EmploymentinRomania Strengtheningthe Frameworkon Pre‑and Post‑PublicEmployment in Romania This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ISBN 978-92-64-78434-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-74642-8 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-67127-0 (HTML) OECD Public Governance ReviewsISSN 2219-0406 (print)ISSN 2219-0414 (online) Photo credits:Cover © ninog/Fotolia.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword When public officials have a conflict of interest, they may face incentives to act in their own or others’private interests rather than the public interest. This can, in turn, lead to inefficient, ineffective or evenharmful policy making or administration. One potential risk area is when public officials move between thepublic and private sectors (the so-called “revolving door”). Exchanges of expertise and experience betweenthe public and private sectors can enrich policy making. However, without proper safeguards, they canalso allow public officials to further their own interests or those of a past or future employer. This couldinclude, for example, granting a former employer privileged access to non-public information or using pastconnections to secure access to such information or influence policymaking after leaving the public sector. Romania has been implementing reforms to strengthen integrity and transparency in the public sector forover twodecades. However, Romania’s National Anti-Corruption Strategy (NACS) for 2021-25 recognisedthatelements of this integrity framework are incoherent and ineffective.One element requiringimprovement is the regulation of pre-and post-public employment, as outlined in Objective3.1 of theNACS. This report provides recommendations to support Romania in strengthening pre-and post-publicemployment regulations and their implementation, thereby mitigating conflict-of-interest risks posed bypublic officials’ movement between the public and private sectors. Drawing on OECD standards and goodpractices from OECD member countries, the report outlines how Romanian authorities could clarify theregulatory framework in this area, expand the scope of at-risk officials and activities covered, strengthenthe system for monitoring public officials’ pre-and post-public employment activities and support currentand former public officials through guidance on how to handle conflict-of-interest situations. The report was approved by the Public GovernanceCommittee on 25 February 2025 and prepared forpublication by the Secretariat. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the OECD Directorate for Public Governance (GOV) under the leadership ofElsaPilichowski,Director for Public Governance,and Julio Bacio Terracino,Head of GOV’sAnti-Corruption and Integrity in Government Division. The report was co-ordinated by Alice Berggrun andCarissa Munro, and drafted by Carissa Munro and Cameron Hall.The report benefitted from editorialassistance and was prepared for publication byMichaela Faux and Eleonore Morena. The OECD wishes to thank the European Commission for its financial support through the TechnicalSupport