造船在海上脱碳中的作用：技术发展和政策措施的影响

Impacts ofTechnology Developments andPolicy Measures The Role of Shipbuildingin Maritime Decarbonisation IMPACTS OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTSAND POLICY MEASURES This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Photo credits:Cover © Gorodenkoff/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Preface The global maritime sector is at a turning point. While shipping remains the most carbon-efficient mode oftransport on a per-tonne basis, it is also responsible for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions—a figure that will continue to rise without significant intervention. The challenge ahead is clear: if theshipping industry is to meet its decarbonisation targets, the fleet must evolve. Shipbuilding plays a centralrole in this transformation, not only by developing new vessels equipped for alternative fuels but also byensuring that existing ships can be retrofitted with energy-saving and low-emission technologies. The transition to a lower-emission fleet is already underway, but progress is uneven. More than half of thecurrent orderbook consists of vessels designed for alternative fuels, yet only7% of the global fleet iscapable of running on them. Retrofitting efforts remain limited, and the widespread adoption of advancedtechnologies is constrained by high costs, supply chain challenges, and uncertainty around future fuelavailability. Meanwhile, global shipbuilding capacity remains concentrated in a few regions, and the sectorfaces growing competitive pressures as it adapts to new demands. Addressing these challenges requiresa balanced and coordinated approach. Industrial strategies must be designed to support innovation withoutdistorting markets, ensuring that investments in alternative fuels, digitalisation, and energy efficiencytechnologies remain both commercially viable and globally competitive. Expanding access to ship financecan helpshipowners, shipbuilders and fuel suppliers accelerate the adoption of low-emission solutions. The OECD Shipbuilding Committee provides a unique platform which aims to contribute to establishingnormal competitive conditions in the shipbuilding sector andto address other key issues. With its renewedmandate for 2024-2028, the Committee is indeed deepening its focus on the economic implications ofmaritime decarbonisation andensuring that policy measures encourage innovation while maintaining faircompetition in the global shipbuilding sector. One key area of work is the ongoing discussion on possiblemore liberal export credit terms for low-and zero-emission vessels, which has the potential to reducefinancial barriers and incentivise investment across the sector. This report provides a timely assessment of the shipbuilding industry’s role in maritime decarbonisation,exploring the impact of technology developments and policy measures on the sector’s future. Ensuring asuccessful transition will require close cooperation between actors across the maritime ecosystem andsupplychain—from shipowners,shipbuilders,marine technology designers and fuel suppliers,topolicymakers and financial institutions. The choices made today will not only determinethe carbon impactof shipping but also shape the long-term competitiveness and resilience of the global shipbuilding industry. Permanent Representative of Norway