构建适应人工智能时代的劳动力：美国大学生对ChatGPT的使用情况探究

A Look at College Student ChatGPT Adoption in the US Morethananyotherusecase,morethananyotherkindofuser,college-agedyoungadultsintheUSareembracingChatGPT,andthey’redoingsotolearn.Overone-thirdof18-to24-year-oldsintheUSuseChatGPT,andamongtheseusers,overone-quarteroftheirmessagesareaboutlearning,tutoring,and school work, according to OpenAI user data. AnewanalysisofOpenAIuserdataandstudentsurveyresultsrevealthedegreetowhichcollege-agedstudentsareusingChatGPTacrossthe50USstates,andwheregapsinadoptionexist.Oursurveyfinds that three in four college-aged users want to use AI in their education and careers. Beneaththesenationwideratesofcollege-ageduseradoption,however,liechallengesthatAmericaneedstoaddressinordertofosterahealthyeconomyandensurefutureeconomiccompetitiveness.AsemployersincreasinglyprefercandidateswithAIskills,state-by-statedifferencesinstudentAIadoptioncreatespotential gaps in future workforce productivity and economic development.With manyemployers prioritizing workers with AI knowledge, states with low rates of AI adoption risk falling behind. Onefindingfromourstudentsurveythatstoodouttous:ManycollegeanduniversitystudentsareteachingthemselvesandtheirfriendsaboutAIwithoutwaitingfortheirinstitutionstoprovideformalAIeducationorclearpoliciesaboutthetechnology’suse.Theeducationecosystemisinanimportantmomentofexplorationandlearning,buttherapidadoptionbystudentsacrossthecountrywhohaven’treceivedformalizedinstructioninhowandwhentousethetechnologycreatesdisparitiesinAIaccessand knowledge. TheenclosedsnapshotofhowyoungpeopleareusingChatGPTprovidesinsightintothestateofAIuseamongAmerica’scollege-agedstudents.Wealsoincludeactionableproposalstohelpaddressadoptiongaps.Wehopetheseinsightsandproposalscaninformresearchandpolicyconversationacrossthenation’seducationecosystemabouthowtoachieveoutcomesthatsupportourstudents,ourworkforce,andtheeconomy.Byimprovingliteracy,expandingaccess,andimplementingclearpolicies,policymakersandeducatorscanbetterintegrateAIintooureducationalinfrastructureandensure that our workforce is ready to both sustain and benefit from our future with AI. Leah BelskyVice President, EducationOpenAI Students are using ChatGPT for their education College-agedstudentsaged18-24primarilyuseAItoolsforstartingpapersandprojects,summarizingtexts,exploringtopics,andbrainstormingcreativeideas,accordingtoourrecentsurvey.1ForChatGPTuserswho belong to this age group,just over a quarter of all messages are education-orlearning-related(which means those messagesaretaggedastutoring-orteaching-relatedbyourinternalclassifiers),followedbywritingassistance,one-offquestions,computerprogrammingsupport,andhow-toadvice2.OurdatadetailsthemessagessentthroughChatGPTandthewaystudentsself-labeltheiruseofAI.WeplantopartnerwiththeresearchcommunitytostudytheimpactofChatGPT use on learning and educational outcomes. WhileacademicresearchonAI’simpactonlearningisstillintheearlystages,arecentstudybyHarvardUniversityfoundthatstudentsusingChatGPTtailoredforaphysicsclassdoubledtheirengagementandimprovedproblem-solvingskills–withespeciallypronouncedgainsforthosewithlessbackgroundknowledge. Student adoption varies by state WhilestudentadoptionofChatGPTisstrong,itvariessignificantlybystate,accordingtoOpenAIuserdata3.California,Virginia,NewJersey,andNewYorkhavethenation’shighestadoptionratesby18-24yearolds,followedbyArizona,WashingtonandUtah.Ontheotherhand,Wyoming,Alaska,Montana,and West Virginia have relatively low adoption rates by the same age group. Movingforward,institutionalsupportforAIintegrationislikelytoplayapositiverole.StateslikeUtahandNewYorkhavetakenproactivestepstoincorporateAIintohighereducationandofferpotentialroadmaps for other states to follow. Forexample,UtahisfocusingonAIeducationtobetterprepareitsstudentstoenterthejobmarket.SaltLakeCommunityCollegeisworkingtobuildanAIexperienceintodifferentindustrypipelinesforstudentsto become more familiar with AI before entering the workforce.The University of Utahlauncheda$100millionAIresearchinitiativeinOctober2023totacklesocietalissues—suchaswiththeenvironment,healthcare,andeducation—usingAI.Additionally,UtahValleyUniversityrolledoutagraduatecertificateinAI,andrecentlyannouncedanappliedAIapprenticeshipprograminpartnershipwith Utah-based companies. InNewYork,theStateUniversityofNewYork(SUNY)systemrecentlyannouncedthatstartinginfall2026,itwouldadjustoneofitsgeneraleducationrequirementsthatallundergraduatestudentsarerequiredtotake,to includeAIeducation.ThisisontopofSUNY’sAIinitiativesincludingitsnewDepartmentofAIandSociety,andanAIchatbotprogramthatcanbecustomizedforcoursework.SUNYisalsodedicating45paidsummerresearchinternshipsontheuseofAIforthepublicgoodthroughtheChancellor’sSummerResearchExcellenceFund,aschool-sponsoredinitiativetoprovidestudents with paid summer research internships across various campuses. Employers want AI-ready workers Whetheror not academia is prepared for AI adoption,employers are increasingly prioritizing AIproficiency.Over70%ofbusinessleaderssa