有效节能策略和最佳实践 for MNOs

EFFECTIVE ENERGYSAVING STRATEGIES AND BESTPRACTICES FOR MNOs by NGMN Alliance © 2023 Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance e.V. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted inany form or by any means without prior written permission from NGMN Alliance e.V. The information contained in this document represents the current view held by NGMN Alliance e.V. on the issues discussed as of the dateof publication. This document is provided “as is” with no warranties whatsoever including any warranty of merchantability, non-infringement,or fitness for any particular purpose. All liability (including liability for infringement of any property rights) relating to the use of informationin this document is disclaimed. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property rights are granted herein. This document is distri-buted for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In recent years, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) have faced a more complex busi-ness environment. Tightening energy markets as well as spikes in natural gas priceshave contributed to a challenging energy landscape. The significant increase in MNOs’operational costs impacted efforts to deliver on transformational connectivity goals andmeet investment targets. Fortunately, MNOs are responding collectively to mitigate thiscrisis by: (1) reducing energy consumption by implementing efficiency measures, and (2)by ensuring stability of energy supply. To increase energy efficiency, MNOs implemented a variety of methods, and amongstthese, the most effective ones are highlighted in this publication. Specifically, MNOshave suggested to shut down legacy networks, re-farming spectrum for more energyefficient radio access technologies (RATs). They have also stressed the need to acceleratethe modernisation of Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment to integrate more energyefficient hardware. In addition, power saving features should be implemented, such asswitching off capacity carrier frequencies during periods of low traffic. Importantly, thestate of extreme deep dormancy could be activated as a means to further optimise energyconsumption at the Base Station (BS). Other methods have been explored by some MNOsin an effort to reduce energy consumption. These included simplified architectures ata network site to reduce the need for active cooling, using more advanced monitoringand control systems and looking at liquid cooling. To ensure stability of energy supply,MNOs are working to accelerate the transition to renewable sources of energy for net-work sites combined with back-up battery storage. MNOs also seek to optimise networkenergy flexibility. Ultimately, the collective MNO response to this challenging energy landscape yielded arange of methods that were regarded as “best practice” that could be relevant for futuresolutions, should the energy crisis persist. This involved shutting down 2G and 3G wherepossible, shifting to more energy efficient RAN equipment especially in 4G and 5G de-ployments. Moreover, shifting from legacy airconditioning units towards more energyefficient cooling solutions could be an effective way to optimise energy consumption. NGMN will argue for the above recommendations to mitigate the energy challengesexperienced by MNOs. Future work that builds on this publication will also look at noveltechnologies that can support such efforts to make mobile networks greener by impro-ving network energy efficiency. This could include looking at Artificial Intelligence (AI) formore intelligent energy management. It involves also looking at new opportunities forembedding software in the mobile networks. CONTENTS 01SCOPE ANDINTRODUCTION.......................................5 05ENSURING ENERGYSTABILITY..................................................13 5.1 Renewable electricity generationand battery storage............................................. 13 CHALLENGES FOR THE TELCOSECTOR ENERGY.......................................6 5.2 Optimising battery backup autonomy.......14 5.3 Improving the network energy flexibility...14 MNO RESPONSE TO THE CRISIS.........7 BEST PRACTICE.......................................16 04REDUCING ENERGYCONSUMPTION.........................................8 07 ABBREVIATIONS.....................................17 4.1 Improving the site energy efficiencythrough modular site architectures................... 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................18 4.2 Monitoring and control systems................... 9 4.3 Improving cooling efficiency:liquid cooling........................................................ 10 REFERENCES.............................................19 4.4 Optimising BS energy consumption........... 11 4.4.1 Carrier shutdown....................................... 11 4.4.2 Extreme Deep Dormancy......................... 12 01SCOPE ANDINTRODUCTION Energy efficiency, along with strategies towards signif