监测气候适应性WASH的指标、措施和方法：范围和定义

April 172025 Prepared forthe World Health Organization and UNICEF by theUniversity of Leeds In collaboration with UniversityofTechnology Sydney: Institute forSustainable Futures, The University of Bristol, and Oxford University Contents Background..............................................................................................................1Global context for monitoring climate resilient WASH..................................................1Purpose of monitoring climate resilient WASH.............................................................2Defining scope..........................................................................................................3Definitions and key concepts.....................................................................................5Conceptual framework..............................................................................................7References.............................................................................................................13 Table 1:Key climate-related terms, concepts and definitions and their relevance to WASHglobal monitoring..........................................................................................................5Table 3:Framework component and illustrative examples of areas for which indicatorscould be considered, noting that adaptation actions and attributesmust relate to thespecific climate hazards relevant in a given context.......................................................10 Figure 1: Conceptual framework to guide climate resilient WASH global monitoring9 Scope and definitions:working document Version6|22 April2025 Background TheWorld Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund (WHO/UNICEF) Joint MonitoringProgramme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP:https://washdata.org/) and the UN-WaterGlobal Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS:http://glaas.who.int/) areresponsible for monitoring of drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)includingfor SDG targets 6.1and 6.2 (JMP) and6.a and 6.b (GLAAS).Together, the JMP and GLAAS teamshave launched atwo-yearprojecttoidentify indicators for monitoring‘climate resilientwater, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)’atthe global level, to support progressive integration ofinformation on climate resilience into national andglobal frameworks for monitoring WASH. This project contributes to WHO and UNICEF’s broader work on climate. Responding to climate change isa strategic objective of WHO’s Fourteenth General Programme of Work, which guides WHO’s work insupport of Member States and partners for thefour-year period 2025-2028. The project is also aligned toUNICEF’s WASH strategy 2016-2030, strategic objective on promotion of resilient development, with afocus on climate resilient WASH development. Accelerating efforts tomanage climate and water and sanitation in a more coordinated and sustainablemanner isalsoa cross-cutting theme with the UN System-Wide Strategy for Water and Sanitation. Thiswork ondeveloping indicators for climate resilience was endorsed by UN-Water at its 39thmeeting, whileefforts to prepare for fit-for-purpose post 2030 monitoring is included as a Priority Collaborative Actionof the UN System Wide Strategy implementation plan. This project is being conducted in collaboration with the University of Leeds, University of TechnologySydney, University of Bristol and Oxford Universityand is supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Directorate-General for International Cooperation(DGIS)and the Foreign,Commonwealth andDevelopment Office of the United Kingdom (FCDO). This background documentclarifiesthepurpose of global and national monitoring,andthescope ofindicators, measures and methods that should be consideredfor inclusionfor thisproject.It alsopresentsaconceptualframeworkor ‘theory of change’thatlocatesthese indicators, measures and methodsinrelation toexisting theories and definitions of resilience and related concepts in climate changeadaptation. Global context for monitoring climateresilient WASH In December 2023, at COP28, theGlobal GoalonAdaptationwas agreed to. The Global GoalonAdaptationframework includes eleven global targets; seven are thematic targets for adaptation action and fourtargetsconcern the adaptation cycle:climate risk and vulnerability assessments;planning;implementation and monitoring; and evaluation and learning. The first of the thematic targetsis:“Significantly reducingclimate-induced water scarcity and enhancing climate resilience to water-related hazards towards a climate-resilient water supply, climate-resilient sanitation and towards access to safeand affordable potable water for all.” Thetwo-yearUAE-Belém work programmewas also launched at COP28which will produce a set ofindicators to track progress towards these targets, by COP30. Theseinitiativesrequire the development of a clear definition of climate resilient water supply and climate