独家：消息人士称，特朗普政府官员考虑修改拜登的 AI 芯片出口规定 路透社 — Exclusive Trump officials eye changes–20250502

Semiconductor chips are seen on a circuit board of a computer in thisillustration picture taken February 25, 2022. REUTERS/FlorenceLo/Illustration/File PhotoPurchase LicensingRights2022年2⽉25⽇拍摄的示意图照⽚中，可⻅电脑电路板上的半导体芯⽚。路透社/Florence Lo/示意图/档案照⽚购买授权许可 Summary摘要Companies公司 Trump administration may alter how theU.S. controls global access to AI chips --sources消息⼈⼠称特朗普政府或调整美国对全球AI芯⽚供应的管控⽅式 Trump officials mull replacing the tierswith government-to-governmentagreements -- sources特朗普政府官员考虑⽤政府间协议取代现⾏分级制度——消息⼈⼠透露 路透纽约4⽉29⽇电——三位知情⼈⼠透露，特朗普政府正着⼿修改拜登时期制定的限制全球获取⼈⼯智能芯⽚的规定，可能取消将世界各国划分为不同层级的做法，该分级制度决定了各国能获取多少先进半导体。 The sources said the plans were still under discussion and warnedthey could change. But if enacted, removing the tiers could open thedoor to using U.S. chips as an even more powerful negotiating tool intrade talks. 消息⼈⼠称相关计划仍在讨论中，并警告可能发⽣变动。但若实施，取消分级制度或将使美国芯⽚成为贸易谈判中更强⼤的筹码。 The Reuters Tariff Watch newsletter is your daily guide to thelatest global trade and tariff news.Sign uphere.路透关税观察简报是您获取全球贸易与关税最新动态的每⽇指南。⽴即订阅。 The regulation, which was issued in January, is aimed atdividing upaccessto the most advanced AI chips and controlling certain modelweights in order to keep the most sophisticated computing power inthe United States and among its allies, and away from China andother countries of concern. 该条例于1⽉颁布，旨在划分最先进AI芯⽚的获取权限，并控制特定模型权重，以确保最尖端算⼒保留在美国及其盟国⼿中，远离中国等受关注国家。 The Framework for Artificial Intelligence Diffusion, as the rule iscalled, was issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce in January, aweek before the end of the administration of former President JoeBiden. Companies must comply with its restrictions starting on May15. 这项名为《⼈⼯智能扩散框架》的规则由美国商务部于1⽉颁布，时值前总统拜登政府卸任前⼀周。企业须⾃5⽉15⽇起遵守其限制条款。 Currently, the rule has the world divided into three tiers. Seventeencountries and Taiwan in thefirst tier can receive unlimited chips.Some 120 other countries are in the second tier, which leaves themsubject to caps on how many AI chips they can get. And countries ofconcern like China, Russia, Iran and North Korea in the third tier areblocked from the chips. 现⾏规则将全球划分为三个层级。第⼀层级的17个国家及台湾地区可⽆限制获取芯⽚；约120个国家属第⼆层级，其AI芯⽚获取量受到限制；⽽中国、俄罗斯、伊朗和朝鲜等受关注第三层级国家则被禁⽌获取芯⽚。 But Trump administration officials are weighing discarding the tieredapproach to access in the rule and replacing it with a global licensingregime with government-to-government agreements, the sourcessaid. 但消息⼈⼠称，特朗普政府官员正在考虑放弃规则中的分级准⼊⽅式，转⽽采⽤政府间协议下的全球许可制度。 "There are some voices pushing for elimination of the tiers," WilburRoss, who served as Commerce secretary during thefirst Trumpadministration, said in an interview on Tuesday. "I think it's still awork in progress." He said government-to-government agreementswere one alternative. "有⼈在推动取消分级制度，"曾在特朗普⾸个任期内担任商务部⻓的威尔伯·罗斯周⼆接受采访时表示，"我认为这仍在讨论中。"他表示政府间协议是替代⽅案之⼀。 Such a structure would likely tie in to PresidentDonald Trump'sbroader trade strategy of making deals with individual countries, oneof the sources said. That would make it easier for the U.S. to useaccess to American-designed chips as leverage in other negotiations. 其中⼀位消息⼈⼠称，这种架构可能契合特朗普总统更⼴泛的贸易战略，即与单个国家达成协议。这将使美国更容易将获得美制芯⽚的权限作为其他谈判的筹码。 U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said at a conference inMarch that he wants to include export controls in trade talks. 美国商务部⻓霍华德·卢特尼克三⽉在某会议上表示，希望将出⼝管制纳⼊贸易谈判。 Other possible changes include a lower threshold for an exception tolicensing. Under the current rule, orders under the equivalent ofabout 1,700 of Nvidia's(NVDA.O)powerful H100 chips do notcount toward country caps and only require the government benotified about the order. No license is necessary. 其他可能的调整包括降低许可例外的⻔槛。根据现⾏规定，订单中若包含的芯⽚数量低于约1700颗英伟达(NVDA.O)⾼性能H100芯⽚的等效算⼒，则不计⼊国家配额上限，仅需向政府报备订单即可，⽆需申请许可证。 The Trump administration is considering making the cutoff ordersunder the equivalent of 500 H100 chips, one source said. ⼀位消息⼈⼠称，特朗普政府正考虑将出⼝禁令⻔槛设定在相当于500颗H100芯⽚的算⼒⽔平以下。 A spokesperson for the Commerce Department declined comment. Aspokesperson for the White House did not immediately respond to arequest for comment. 商务部发⾔⼈拒绝置评。⽩宫发⾔⼈没有⽴即回应置评请求。 For months, Trump administration officials have suggested they wantto make the rule "stronger but simpler," but at least some expertsbelieve removing the tiers will make the rule more complicated. 数⽉来，特朗普政府官员⼀直表示希望让这项规定"更严格但更简单"，但⾄少部分专家认为，取消分级将使规定更加复杂。 Ken Glueck, executive vice president at Oracle(ORCL.N), a critic ofthe current rule, said that the tiers did not make sense, noting thatIsrael and Yemen were both in the second tier. 甲⻣⽂公司(Oracle, ORCL.N)执⾏副总裁肯·格鲁克(KenGlueck)批评现⾏规定不合理，他指出以⾊列和也⻔同属第⼆层级。 "Wouldn't surprise me they're going to take a new look at this," saidGlueck, who said he did not know the Trump administration's planbut expects the rule to be modified in a significant way. "他们重新审视此事不会让我感到意外，"格鲁克表示，他称⾃⼰并不了解特朗普政府的计划，但预计该规定将会有重⼤修改。 Oracleand Nvidia were both outspoken in their criticism of the newrule when it was issued in January. 甲⻣⽂和英伟达在1⽉份新规出台时都直⾔不讳地提出了批评。 Industry has argued that by limiting access