2025年全球能源评论

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Revised version, March 2025.Information notice found at:www.iea.org/corrections Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract This edition of theGlobal Energy Reviewis the first comprehensive depiction ofthe trends that took place in 2024 across the entire energy sector, covering datafor all fuels and technologies, all regions and major countries, and energy-relatedcarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The latest data show that the world’s appetite for energy rose at a faster-than-average pace in 2024, resulting in higher demand for all energy sources, includingoil, natural gas, coal, renewables and nuclear power. This growth was led by thepower sector, with demand for electricity rising almost twice as fast as widerenergy demand due to higher demand for cooling, rising consumption by industry,theelectrification of transport and the growth of data centres and artificialintelligence. Nearly all of the rise in electricity demand was met by low-emissions sources, ledby the record-breaking expansion of solar PV capacity, with further growth in otherrenewables and nuclear power. Gas demand also picked up substantially, whileoil and coal consumption increased more slowly than in 2023. CO2emissions from the energy sector continued to increase in 2024 but at aslower rate than in 2023. A key driver was record-high temperatures: if globalweather patterns in 2023 had repeated in 2024, around half of the increase inglobal emissions would have been avoided. At the same time, the continued rapidadoption of clean energy technologies is limiting emissions growth, according tonew analysis – avoiding 2.6 billion tonnes of additional CO2emissions per year. Table of contents Key findings .............................................................................................................................. 5Global trends ............................................................................................................................ 8Energy demand accelerates, with electricity leading the way .....................................8Oil ............................................................................................................................................. 13Oil demand growth loses momentum .......................................................................13Natural gas .............................................................................................................................. 16Natural gas demand returned to structural growth in 2024 .......................................16Coal .......................................................................................................................................... 19Global coal demand growth slows ............................................................................19Electricity................................................................................................................................. 21Electricity demand growth surged in 2024 ................................................................21Technology: Electric vehicles ...................................................................................23Technology: Heat pumps .........................................................................................24Electricity generation................................................................................................25Technology: Solar PV and wind ...............................................................................28Technology: Nuclear ................................................................................................30CO2Emissions........................................................................................................................ 31Energy sector carbon emissions reached a new record in 2024......................