西印度洋港口可持续发展——蓝色经济中港口可持续发展工具包

Toolkitfor Sustainable PortDevelopment in a Blue Economy June 2023(FinalDraft) Published by the United Nations EnvironmentProgramme/Nairobi Convention Secretariat Copyright © 2023, United Nations Environment Programme/Nairobi Convention Secretariat Nairobi Convention SecretariatUnited Nations Environment Programme,United Nations Avenue, Gigiri,P.O Box 47074, Nairobi, KenyaTel: +254 (0)20 7621250/2025/1270 Fax: +254 (0)20 7623203Email: nairobi.convention@unep.org Prepared by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR): Dr Susan TaljaardSteven WeertsDr Michelle Audouin Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)Smart Places-Sustainable EcosystemsCoastal Systems Research GroupDurban/StellenboschSouth Africa CSIR Report No: For citation purposes this document may be cited as: United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi Convention SecretariatandCouncil for Scientific &Industrial Research.2023. Towards Sustainable Port Development in the Western Indian Ocean.ToolkitforSustainable Port Development in a Blue Economy. UNEP,Nairobi, Kenya, ….. pp. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The port industry faces a growing challenge to address societal and environmentalissueswhile at thesame time having to provide adequate capacity and cost-effective services to traders. With increasingsocietal and regulatory pressures port authorities around the world are compelled to pursue greatersustainability to safeguard their ‘license to operate’.In response to these global challenges theconcept of ‘Green Ports’emerged,primarily focusing onbalancing environmental challenges andeconomic demand,and striving for sustainability through increasing both economic and environmentalcompetitiveness. The concept of ‘Sustainable PortDevelopment’ builds on that of ‘Green Ports’ byalsoconsidering social sustainability, in essence advocating the need fora port development to create abalance between economic growth, environmental protection, andlong-termsocial progress. According to the World Bank, sustainable Blue Economy is the“sustainable use of ocean resourcesfor economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem”.It strives“to promote economic growth, social inclusion, and the preservation or improvement oflivelihoods while at the same time ensuring environmental sustainability of the oceans and coastalareas”. Aligned with this description, theAfrica Blue Economy Strategy views the Blue Economy as“aninclusive and sustainable economy that becomes a significant contributor to continentaltransformation and growth, through advancing knowledge on marine and aquatic biotechnology,environmental sustainability, the growth of an Africa-wide shipping industry, the development of sea,river and lake transport, the management of fishing activities in these aquatic spaces, and theexploitation and beneficiation of deep sea mineral and other resources”. The Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region is experiencing an unprecedentedgrowth inlarge-scaledevelopment, including in ports, mining, roads and railways, agriculture, and oil and gas. Indeed,economicgrowthand development are inevitable if countries of the WIO region want to address socialchallenges such as poverty and inequality.Most of these developments are concentrated in coastalareas which support rich natural resources. While the region has an opportunity to define sustainabletrajectories for these investments, they also have potential to significantly impact the integrity ofcritical coastal habitats and the natural resource base that future well-being and growth depend on.In the WIO Region coastal communities are especially reliant on coastal resources for their lives andlivelihoods.Considering the rich diversity of coastal and marine ecosystems in the WIO region, and itspotential to also contribute to socioeconomic benefits, sustainable Blue Economy growth holds greatpromise for the area. Within this context, and complimentary to theStrategic Framework for Coastal and Marine WaterQuality Management in the Western Indian Ocean Region, this Nairobi Convention project, undertakenonrequest of the Conference of Parties (CoP),seeks to facilitate sustainable port development in theWIO.It supports theImplementation of the Strategic Action Programme for the protection of theWestern Indian Ocean from land-based sources and activities(WIOSAP)It is informed by theappreciation that ports intersect with critical coastal and marine resources. It isaligned with the WIOregion’s vision to grow a sustainable Blue Economy.Scientific outputs generated from this project willbe shared with national governments to support and guide development of national policy options onsustainable port development through theNairobi Convention’sScience to Policy Platform. The science-based output generated from this project will be shared withnational governments tosupport and guide them in the development ofnationalpolicies for sustainable port development.Further, the outputs