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☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024OR ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ______ to ______Commission file number: 001-39712OLEMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 780 Brannan StreetSan Francisco, California 94103(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (415) 651-3316Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES☐NO☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES☐NO☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes☒No☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). YES☒NO☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growthcompany. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer☐Non-accelerated filer☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financialaccounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financialreporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correctionof an error to previously issued financial statements.☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of theregistrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). YES☐NO☒ The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, based on the closing sales price for such stock on June 28, 2024 as reported by TheNasdaq Global Select Market, was approximately $454.3 million. As of March 13, 2025, the number of outstanding shares of the Registrant’s common stock was 68,333,065. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant toRegulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10-14 of thisAnnual Report on Form 10-K. OLEMA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. 2024 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K TABLE OF CONTENTS PagePART IItem 1.Business.7Item 1A.Risk Factors.48Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments.112Item 1C.Cybersecurity.112Item 2.Properties.113Item 3.Legal Proceedings.113Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures.114PART IIItem 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and IssuerPurchases of Equity Securities.115Item 6.Reserved.115Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results ofOperations.116Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.129Item 8.Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.129Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and FinancialDisclosure.160Item 9A.Controls and Procedures.160Item 9B.Other Information.161Item 9CDisclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.161PART IIIItem 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.162Item 1