Strengthening the Health System for Older Persons

Edited by Lilis Heri Mis CicihTakuma KatoAsuka NagataniNanda Sucitra Putri Strengthening the Health System for Older Persons Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) Sentral Senayan II 6thFloor Jalan Asia Afrika No. 8, Gelora Bung Karno Senayan, Jakarta Pusat 10270 Indonesia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2024ERIA Research Project Report FY2024 No. 14Published in September 2024 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without prior written noticeto and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respective chapters areentirely those of the author/s and do not reflect the views and policies of the EconomicResearch Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, Academic Advisory Council,or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in content or citation in therespective chapters is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with proper acknowledgement. Acknowledgements This report could not have been published without the support of the EconomicResearch Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), and especially its President,Tetsuya Watanabe. We thank him for his support in conducting the study and ensuringits high quality. Thanks also go to Dr Takuma Kato, Asuka Nagatani, Nanda Sucitra Putriof ERIA, who provided valuable technical assistance in conducting this study. We thankDr Pungkas Bahjuri Ali, Renova Glorya Montesori Siahaan, Iftita Rakhma Ikrima,Budiyono Al Patiy, Bahagiati Maghfiroh, and the staff of the National DevelopmentPlanning Agency (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional [BAPPENAS]), whoreviewed the Bahasa reporting. We are grateful to the Demographic Institute team(Nugroho Abikusno, Abdillah Ahsan, NadiraAmalia, Karishma Maharani Raijayi,Maulida Gadis Utami, Arthur Huda Brahmantyo, Muhammad Reyhan Ermirel Ardh,Asmanedi, Merry Widyanti, Alit Kurniasari, Eva Mardiani Suherman, Yulianti, MuhamadYusuf) who assisted in quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis and inreporting. Thanksto the Government of Japan, which funded the project. Without its assistance,we would have been unable to create a profile of the older persons' health system inIndonesia. Many thanks go to the ERIA colleague who reviewed the draft of this report andprovided highly useful technical and substantive input to improve its quality. Ourgratitude also goes to Ms Asuka Nagatani Asuka, who conducted the final review andedit of the report. Finally, we thank Indonesia’s Ministry of Health and other ministries for providingtechnical support for data collection. We are grateful to them for disseminating thisreport to help the national and local governments develop precise and timely policyaction to boost older persons' well-being, especially their health, and to empowercommunities and families to support older persons’ health. Responsibility for errorsand omissions rest entirely with us, while comments and criticism are welcome. Faculty of Economics, University of IndonesiaJakarta, Indonesia Table of Contents List of FiguresvList of TablesviiiList of AbbreviationsixExecutive SummaryxChapter 1Introduction1Chapter 2Older Persons’ Health in Indonesia8Chapter 3A Review of the Readiness of Health Services for Older Persons inIndonesia50Chapter 4Policies and Regulations related to Older Persons in Indonesia85Chapter 5Comparison of Older Persons’ Health Systems in Indonesia andOther Countries98Chapter 6StrategicIssuesandOlderPersons’HealthPolicyRecommendations122References147Appendices157 List of Figures Figure 1Figure 2.1Figure 2.2Figure 2.3Figure 2.4Figure 2.5Figure 2.6Figure 2.7Figure 2.8Figure 2.9Figure 2.10Figure 2.11Figure 2.12Figure 2.13Figure 2.14Figure 2.15Figure 2.16Figure 2.17Figure 2.18Figure 2.19Figure 2.20Figure 2.21Figure 2.22Figure 2.23Figure 2.24Figure 2.25 Theoretical Framework of Study7Percentage of Older Persons, Indonesia, 1971–20458Percentage of Older Persons by Age Groups and Gender, Indonesia,2017–20219Percentage of Older Persons by Area, Gender, and Marital Status,Indonesia, 20229Percentage of Older Persons by Living Arrangement, Indonesia,2017–202210Percentage of Older Persons by Living Arrangement and VariousCharacteristics, Indonesia, 202210Percentage of Older Persons Education Level by VariousCharacteristics, Indonesia, 202211Percentage of Older Persons Using Information and CommunicationsTechnology (ICT), Indonesia, 2018–202212Percentage of Older Persons Using Information andCommunications Technology (ICT) by Various Characteristics,Indonesia, 202212Percentage of Older Persons by Per Capita Household Expenditureand Age Group, Indonesia, 202213Percentage of Older Household by Highest Expenditure Sources,Indonesia, 202214Percentage of Working Older Persons, Indonesia, 2012-202214P