Policies and Infrastructure Development for the Wider Penetration of xEVs in ASEAN Countries – Phase II

Edited by Naoko DoiAlloysius Joko PurwantoShigeru SuehiroToshiya OkamuraKazuhisa TakemuraMasami IwaiAkira MatsumotoKeita KatayamaTakao Imanishi Policies and Infrastructure Development for the Wider Penetration of xEVs in ASEANCountries – Phase II Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)Sentral Senayan II 6thFloorJalan Asia Afrika No. 8, Gelora Bung KarnoSenayan, Jakarta Pusat 10270Indonesia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, (year)ERIA Research Project FY2024 No. 15Published in September 2024 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without priorwritten notice to and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respectivechapters are entirely those of the author/s and do not reflect the views and policies of theEconomic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, AcademicAdvisory Council or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in contentor citation in the respective chapters is the sole responsibility of the authors. Materialin this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with properacknowledgement. Disclaimer: Thisreport was prepared by the Working Group for the‘Study on Policies andInfrastructure Development for the Wider Penetration of xEVs in ASEAN’ under theEconomic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) Energy Project. Members ofthe Working Group discussed and agreed to utilise certain data and methodologies. Foreword In East Asia Summit (EAS) countries, progress has been made in recent years towardselectrifying the transport sector. Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered the importanttechnological options for those EAS countries towards air quality improvement in urbanareas, energy security enhancement for shifting away from oil dependence, and climatechange mitigation – if these are coupled with low-carbon power generation sources. In view of the future expansion of EVs on the road, policymakers in the EAS region have toprepare the necessary policies, programmes, plans, economic incentives, and focusedareas of services and accelerate the decarbonisation of the power sector. This report provides an EV policy overview of India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore,Thailand, and Viet Nam, in addition to Brazil and New Zealand. It also provides estimationresults of the life cycle impacts of EV deployment on carbon dioxide emissions. The reportoffers selected cases of EV charging systems in Japan, the United States, and Europe. I hope the report will provide a good basis for ASEAN countries for understanding thenecessary policy and measures, as well as business and infrastructure development, forthe wider diffusion of EVs. Toshiyuki SakamotoDirectorThe Institute of Energy Economics, Japan Acknowledgements This analysis was implemented by a Working Group under the Economic ResearchInstitute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). It was a joint effort of the Working Groupmembers from Indonesia and the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ). We wouldlike to acknowledge the support provided by everyone involved. We would especially liketo express our gratitude to the members of the Working Group. Valuable insights were obtained from several government officials and analysis that werean integral part of implementing this study. The implications reflect the results from theIEEJ/ERIA analysis and do not represent the official views from the analysed countries. Naoko Doi Senior Research DirectorThe Institute of Energy Economics, Japan List of Project Contributors Dr Alloysius Joko Purwanto, Energy Unit, Research Department, Economic ResearchInstitute for ASEAN and East AsiaMr Juniko Parhusip, Directorate of Electricity Business Supervision, Directorate Generalof Electricity, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, IndonesiaMr Huzaimi Nor Bin Omar, Technology Solutions Group, Malaysian Green Technology andClimate Change CorporationDr Mohammad Abdul Muizz Faix Hazwan bin Haji Mat Yassin, Sustainable Energy Division,Department of Energy, Prime Minister’s Office, Brunei DarussalamMr Akira Matsumoto, Senior Researcher, Climate Change Group, Climate Change andEnergy Efficiency Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ)Ms Masami Iwai, Senior Researcher, Energy Efficiency Group, Climate Change and EnergyEfficiency Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ)Mr Kazuhisa Takemura, Senior Researcher, Energy Efficiency Group, Climate Change andEnergy Efficiency Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ)Mr Takao Imanishi, Executive Researcher, Energy Efficiency Group, Climate Change andEnergy Efficiency Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ)Mr Keita Katayama, Senior Researcher, Climate Change Group, Climate Change andEnergy Efficiency Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ)Mr Toshiya Ok