候鸟生命线

共筑候鸟迁徙保护网络 The Birds' Guardian GridWorking Together to Safeguard Migratory Birds 共筑候鸟迁徙保护网络 The Birds' Guardian GridWorking Together to Safeguard Migratory Birds 国家电网公益基金会编State Grid Public Welfare Foundation Contents目录 全程守护：项目分布Protection Along the Way: Project Distribution26 东部迁徙路线：平坦富饶的迁徙之路Eastern Flyway: Flyways over Fertile Plains中部迁徙路线：山高谷深的千年鸟道Central Flyway: Ancient Bird's Path Interspersed with Towering Mountains andDeep Valleys西部迁徙路线：风沙苍茫的万里险途Western Flyway: A Long, Perilous Path Winding Through Swirling Wind and Sand495729 初心与思考 Original Aspiration and Reflection 缘起：候鸟与电网的休戚与共Origin: Shared Future of Migratory Birds and Power Grids02 产出与成效 Outcomes and Effects 候鸟迁徙：一场义无反顾的旅程Migration of Birds: An Uncompromising Journey共生挑战：电网与候鸟的生存考验Challenge of Coexistence: A Survival Test for Development of Power Grids andMigratory Birds0208 项目数据Project Statistics70 10发生：互斥到共生，“鸟—线”共生的创新与实践Going into Action: From Mutual Exclusion to Mutual Benefit, Innovation andPractice of "Bird-Transmission Line" Coexistence 12坚持：目标到行动，专业与科学的探寻与追求Perseverance: From Goal to Action, Quest for Professionalism and Science 收获与影响 项目荣誉Honors Awarded86 探索与发展 专业评价Professional Comment88 行而不辍，未来可期With Sustained Actions, We Will Eventually Reach Our Destination and Embrace aBrighter Future104 初心与思考Original Aspirationand Reflection 万物并育而不相害，道并行而不相悖。保护生物多样性，是人类社会可持续发展的重要基础，也是全人类共同面临的重大挑战。 国家电网公益基金会（简称国网公益基金会）积极响应共同构建地球生命共同体的号召，依托国家电网有限公司组织和资源优势，携手社会各界开展“候鸟生命线”品牌公益项目，以输电线路沿线东方白鹳、朱鹮等珍稀鸟类为主要保护对象，通过积极构建爱鸟护线联盟，科学推进“鸟—线”双护公益事业，促进电网与鸟类和谐共生。 缘起：候鸟与电网的休戚与共 Origin: Shared Future of MigratoryBirds and Power Grids Migration of Birds:An Uncompromising Journey 候鸟迁徙：一场义无反顾的旅程 Migratory Birds' Miracle of Life 候鸟的生命奇迹 The migration of birds refers to the phenomenon of birds moving between breedingand wintering grounds in spring and autumn. These birds are often referred to asmigratory birds. To date, the reasons for the migration of these birds remain incon-clusive. 鸟类的迁徙行为，是指鸟类于春秋两季在营巢地区和越冬地区之间进行移居的现象。这些迁徙鸟类，通常被称为候鸟。至今，候鸟迁徙的原因仍未有定论。 On the one hand, some argue that birds migrate mainly to find access to food and amore suitable breeding environment. When autumn comes, most plants in northernChina will wilt and the grounds and water are often covered in ice and snow, whichleads to the drastic fall of plant fruits, insect populations and aquatic animals essen-tial to the survival of birds. Thus, the birds that nest in the north have to migrate tothe south to take advantage of the abundance of food there. Migratory birds willcome back to the north in spring and summer as the temperature rises coupled withthe thawing of ice and snow and the reviving natural world provides birds withflourishing food again. In addition, there are fewer enemies in the north and the hightemperature, monsoons and rainstorms in the south are detrimental to the breedingof birds. That is why migratory birds return to the north for breeding. 一种说法认为，获取食物与更适宜的繁殖环境是形成鸟类迁徙行为的主要因素。入秋以后，我国北方的植物大多枯萎、地面和水面被冰雪覆盖，鸟类生存所需要的植物果实、昆虫、水生生物等急剧减少，使得原本居住于北方的鸟类为获得充足的食物而迁徙到食物丰盛的南方。而进入春夏季，由于北方气温回暖，冰雪消融，复苏的大自然再次为鸟类提供了丰富充足的食物，加之北方敌害相对较少，而南方的高温、季风与暴雨等因素不利于鸟类繁殖，候鸟们又开始回迁北方繁衍生息。 On the other hand, it is also believed that the migration of birds can be attributed totheir genetic instinct under the influence of periodic changes in climate. Some scien-tists have speculated that the migratory habit of birds can be traced back to theGlacial Period of 10,000 B.C. When the Northern Hemisphere was covered in ice andsnow, some birds were forced to leave their hometown and flew to the south forbetter living conditions. When the glaciers melted away as the north steadily warmedup, many birds came back in summer for breeding. Due to the periodic erosion andretreat of glaciers, birds developed the genetic instinct of migration compatible withthe cycle of glaciers, which has been passed down from generation to generation. 也有说法认为，候鸟迁徙是受气候周期性影响的遗传本能。有科学家猜想鸟类的迁徙习性可以追溯到公元前1万年的冰川时期。当北半球冰雪时节到来，部分鸟类被迫离开故乡，去南方寻找更利于生存的地方。而当气候慢慢回暖，冰河逐渐向北方消退，许多鸟类在夏季又飞回北方繁殖。在冰川周期性侵蚀和退却的影响下，鸟类形成与之相适应的周期性往返迁徙遗传本能，并由此世代相传。 候鸟的中国之旅 Flyways of Migratory Birds in China China is situated at a key location in the north-south andeast-west flyways of migratory birds in the world, and thenumber and species of migratory birds that transit throughChina each year account for 20 percent to 25 percent of thetotal migratory birds worldwide. Four out of the nine flywaysof migratory birds in the world pass through China, namelythe eastern flyway (East Asia-Australasia), the eastern flyway(West Pacific), the central flyway (Central Asia) and thewestern flyway (East Africa-West Asia). Among them, the EastAsian-Australasian Flyway is home to the largest populationof migratory birds. 中国地处世界候鸟南北、东西迁徙通道较为关键的位置，每年从我国过境候鸟的种类和数量占迁徙候鸟的20%～25%。全球共有九条候鸟迁徙路线，其中有四条经过中国境内，分别为东部（东亚—澳大利西亚）迁徙路线、东部（西太平洋）迁徙路线、中部（中亚）迁徙路线和西部（东非—西亚）迁徙路线。其中，东亚—澳大利西亚迁徙路线候鸟数量最多。 ·EasternFlyway(East Asia-Australasia):In spring andautumn, wetland aquatic birds breeding in Russi