Scaling Up Renewables in Europe and Central Asia
Public Disclosure Authorized CONTENTS Acknowledgments.........................................................................................................................................5Abbreviations................................................................................................................................................6Definitions of subregions..............................................................................................................................6Executive summary.......................................................................................................................................7Structure of the report..............................................................................................................................8Key messages............................................................................................................................................8Systemic challenges and opportunities..................................................................................................14Chapter 1 • A regional snapshot of renewable energy..............................................................................16Factors slowing renewables’ development............................................................................................17Chapter 2 • Renewable energy development: Barriers and opportunities................................................29Renewable energy framework................................................................................................................30Project development...............................................................................................................................37Contractual and financial issues..............................................................................................................47Governance and social limitations..........................................................................................................51Chapter 3 • Integrating solar and wind energy in regional power systems...............................................57Technical challenges...............................................................................................................................57Policy, market, and regulatory solutions................................................................................................60Beyond regulatory refinement: New markets and instruments.............................................................63References..................................................................................................................................................69Annex 1 • Statistics on market sounding participants................................................................................72Annex 2 • Regionalmarket sounding summaries and comparisons..........................................................73Türkiye.....................................................................................................................................................73Caucasus..................................................................................................................................................74Western Balkans.....................................................................................................................................75Moldova................................................................................................................................................766EU countries............................................................................................................................................77Central Asia.............................................................................................................................................78Annex 3 • Country profiles..........................................................................................................................79Albania....................................................................................................................................................79Armenia...................................................................................................................................................82Azerbaijan...............................................................................................................................................84Bosnia and Herzegovina..........................................................................................................................86Bulgaria...................................................................................................................................................88 Croatia.....................................................................................................................................................91Geo
