Climate Change Vulnerabilities, Social Impacts, and Education for Autonomous Adaptation

Edited byVenkatachalam AnbumozhiCitra Endah Nur Setyawati ClimateChange Vulnerabilities,Social Impacts,and Education for AutonomousAdaptation Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)Sentral Senayan II 6thFloorJalan Asia Afrika No. 8, Gelora Bung KarnoSenayan, Jakarta Pusat 10270Indonesia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2024ERIA Research Project Report FY2024 No. 04Published in July 2024 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without priorwritten notice to and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respectivechapters are entirely those of the author/s and do not reflect the views and policies of theEconomic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, AcademicAdvisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in contentor citation in the respective chapters is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Materialin this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with properacknowledgement. Preface Climatechange stands as one of the foremost challenges to global economicdevelopment.Unchecked, temperature increases can lead to lower crop yields, glaciermelt, altered trade routes, and reduced water supply, posing the risk of permanentdisplacement for millions due to rising sea levels. The densely populated Southeast Asiaregion, reliant on natural resources, is particularly vulnerable, facing irreversible damageto ecosystems, threats to livelihoods, and increased vulnerability to natural disasters. As nations strive to mitigate climate change through mitigation measures like NationallyDetermined Contributions (NDC) and Net Zero Targets (NZT), with a limited impact in theshort term, adaptation and resilience becomes paramount. The IPCC 6th AssessmentReport emphasises that, in the coming decades, adaptation is the primary responsebefore mitigation measures take effect. Adaptation involves coping with potential climate impacts, spanning planned and reactiveautonomous strategies. While adaptive capacity naturally strengthens with resources andsocio-economicdevelopment,it's also influenced by experience and knowledge.Developingcountries,with limited resources,require a stakeholder-negotiatedautonomous adaptation approach that builds on local knowledge and internationalsupport. Building on ERIA's previous study on climate change resilience, this book, stemming froma workshop in collaboration with the Government of Cambodia, addresses climate changeeducation in ASEAN. Papers presented at the workshop form the basis of this publication,aiming to share good practices in autonomous adaptation, assessment, and education. Thisbook aligns with ERIA's commitment to producing knowledge products forsustainable economic growth. It promises to contribute to policy development andacademic understanding of crucial aspects of climate vulnerability, social impacts, andadaptation education. Effective action requires a holistic consideration of economic development, climatevulnerability, and autonomous adaptation across key sectors. Failure to integrate theseelements may lead to maladaptation. Mainstreaming, the integration of climate riskassessmentand education into ongoing policies and infrastructure developmentprogrammes, is crucial for long-term sustainability and minimising negative impacts ofclimate change on economic development. List of Project Members Chapter 1 Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Socio-Economic Impacts in Southeast Asia: AFramework for Assessing Vulnerability and Education for Autonomous Adaptation Venkatachalam Anbumozhi (Economic Research Institute of ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)),Koji Hachiyama (ERIA), Citra Endah Nur Setyawati (ERIA), and Nava Manickam (Mangalore-based Manipal institute Technology) Chapter 2 Modernising Infrastructure in the Agriculture Sector: Climate Change Vulnerabilityand Adaptation Hyeon Tae Kim (Department of Biosystems Engineering, Gyeongsang National University,Republic of Korea), Jayanta Kumar Basak (Institute of Smart Farm, Gyeongsang NationalUniversity, Republic of Korea) Chapter 3 ClimateChange Vulnerabilities,Social Impacts,and Institutional Strengtheningthrough CACCI: Frameworks and Lessons from Tajikistan Suresh Babu (International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)), Sino Tohirzoda(Committee for Environmental Protection under the Government of the Republic ofTajikistan (CEP)), and Nandita Srivastava (International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI)) Chapter 4 Climate Vulnerability Assessment and Agriculture Sector Adaptation R. Jagannathan (Vice Chancellor, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India) Chapter 5 Climate Change Challenges, Disaster Risks, and Successful Adaptation Measuresthrough Standards and Infrastructure Design: Lessons from Japan and Thailand Makoto Ikeda (A