2024全球6G技术大会：10.0L 基于5G、6G的天地一体化技术探索与实践

ExecutiveSummary Withtheflourishingdevelopmentofgroundcellularcommunicationtechnology,from4Gchanginglifeto5Gchangingsociety,groundmobilecommunicationhasachievedfruitfulresults.However,duetothedifficultyandcostofconstruction,80%ofthelandareaandover95%oftheoceanareahavenotbeenabletoachievegroundmobilecommunication network coverage.Satellite communication has theadvantagesofwidecoverageandnolimitationsofterrainenvironment,whichcanprovidecommunicationservicesforremoteareasandeffectivelymakeupforthelackofterrestrial network.Researching the integration of satellite and groundcommunicationtechnology to form an integrated space-ground communicationsystemis a common demand for satellite communication and ground cellularcommunication.3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Project,3GPP)officiallyintroducedNonTerrestrialNetworks(NTN)asasupplementtogroundnetworksinRelease17,andconductedfurtherresearchandstandardizationworkon5GNTN.Thefreezing of 5G NTN standards has attracted high attention from the globalindustry,withresearchinstitutes,operators,equipmentcompanies,chipcompanies,terminalcompanies,etc.activelyconductingresearchandverificationworkon5GNTNtechnology.Inaddition,asoneofthepillartechnologiesandbasicnetworkformsof 6G,the integrated space-ground aims to meet the needs of wide areaintelligentconnectionandglobalubiquitousseamlessaccessintenyears,establishintelligentconnectionsforwideareaobjects,provideintelligentservices,andprovideglobaluninterruptedandconsistentinformationservicesforhumanity. Thiswhitepapermainlyelaboratesonourexplorationandpracticalthinkingontheintegratedair-space-groundcommunicationsystemfromsixaspects,includingrequirementsandvision,currentdevelopmentstatusofsatellitecommunicationandgroundcellularcommunication,keytechnologiesofintegratedspace-groundbasedon5GNTN,developmentandpracticeofintegratedair-space-groundindustrybasedon 5GNTN,practicaldifficultiesinintegratedspace-groundengineering,andforesightforthedevelopmentof6Gintegratedspace-ground. (1)Thedemandandvisionforintegratedspace-groundcommunication Satellitecommunication has the characteristics of wide coverage,stronganti-interferenceability,and flexible deployment,which can compensate for theshortcomingsof ground networks in coverage.Therefore,integrating groundnetworksand satellite communication can achieve an integrated space-groundcommunicationsystem,providinguserswithhigherquality,morereliable,andmoreintelligentservices.Drivenbybothindustrydemandandtechnologicaldevelopment,theintegrationofsatellitecommunicationandgroundcommunicationhasbecomethemainstreamdirectionfortheevolutionoffuturemobilecommunicationsystems.Thefuturemobilecommunicationsystemwillintegratedifferentlevelssuchasservices,spectrum,andsystemtobuildanintegratedspace-groundcommunicationsystem,achievingseamlessthree-dimensionalcoverageworldwide. (2)Currentdevelopmentstatusofsatellitecommunicationandgroundcellularcommunication Satellitecommunicationhasgonethroughfourstagesofdevelopment:satellitetesting,analog communication,digital communication,and broadband satellitecommunication.Therapiddevelopmentofnewsatellitecommunicationtechnologiessuchasmultibeamantennas,onboardprocessing,andintersatellitelinks,aswellastheemergenceofhigh-throughputandloworbitsatellitegiantconstellations,haveusheredinaneweraofsatellitecommunication.Forgroundcellularcommunication,aftermorethan40yearsofexplosivegrowth,ithasnowpenetratedintovariousfieldsofpeople's lives and become one of the important driving forces for socialdevelopment. (3)KeyTechnologiesofintegratedspace-groundbasedon5GNTN Thekeytechnologiesfortheintegratedspace-groundbasedon5GNTNmainlyinvolvenetworkarchitecture,wirelesstransmissiontechnology,satelliteimplementationtechnology,terminal implementation technology,and testingtechnology.Fornetworkarchitecture,communicationnodesarenotlimitedtoland, butsatellitenodeswillplayanincreasinglyimportantrole,andthepayloadandsignalprocessingcapabilitiesofsatelliteswillgraduallyimprove.Inadditiontoachievingtransparentforwardingandintegratednetworkingwithgroundbasestations,italsoaddsonboard processingfunctionsforbasestationsandcorenetwork;Wirelesstransmissiontechnology mainly includes:time-frequency synchronization,timingmanagement,andmobilitymanagementtechnology,etc.;Satelliteimplementationtechnologymainlyincludes:satellitebornemulti-beamantenna,satellitebornepoweramplifier,intersatellitelinktechnology,etc.;TheterminalimplementationtechnologymainlyincludesantennaandRFfront-endintegrationtechnology. (4)Thedevelopmentandpracticeof5GNTNbasedintegratedspace-groundindustry Thedevelopmentandpracticeofthe5GNTNbasedintegratedspace-groundindustryinvolvetheindustrychain,standardformulation,applicationscenarios,andpracticalactivities.Amongthem,theindustrial chainincludessatelliteplatforms,networkequipment,terminals and applications,testing instruments,as well asservicesandoperations.Forstandardformulation,therearecurrentlymainly3GPPandthe China Communications Standards Association(CCSA)promoting theevolutiono