东亚与太平洋地区经济半年报

JOBS AND TECHNOLOGY Jobs and Technology © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 27 26 25 24 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governmentsthey represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of orfailure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotesand other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal statusof any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean theWorld Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities ofThe World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are free to copy, distribute,transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the following conditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2024.Jobs and Technology, World Bank East Asia and Pacific EconomicUpdate (October 2024). Washington, DC: World Bank, doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2175-2. License: Creative Commons Attribution CCBY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translationwas not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not beliable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This is anadaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of theauthor or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsed by The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content contained within the work. TheWorld Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-owned individual component or part contained in the work willnot infringe on the rights of those third parties. The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wishto re-use a component of the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtainpermission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables, figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC20433, USA; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2175-2 DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2175-2 Cover photo: Engineer checks shipment of chemicals at oil and gas industry pipeline job site by warodom changyencham © Getty Images.Used with the permission of Getty Images. Further permission required for reuse. Contents Preface and Acknowledgments xi List of Abbreviationsxiii AbstractOverviewRecent Developments and OutlookTechnology and Jobs in EAPAppendixReferences 109 List of Figures SummaryFigure O1. Theregioncontinuestogrowfasterthantherestoftheworldbutslowerthanbeforethepandemic xiiiFigure O2. GeopoliticalriskshaveincreasedandRedSeadisruptionstoshippingandtradecontinuexivFigure O3.China’s growth has benefitted developing economies, but the benefits have become smaller asits growth slows down and its exports grow faster than it importsxvFigure O4.The number of new trade-distorting measures continues to increase, both globally and in theEAP regionxvFigure O5.EAP countries employ more people in routine manual occupations and fewer people in cognitiveoccupations than advanced countriesxviiFigure O6.Robot adoption has led to higher employment and earnings of more educated workers whileincreasing the informality rate of the low-skilledxviiiFigure O7.AI largely affects cognitive task-based occupations, while complementing some non-routinecognitive task-based occupations; the EAP workforce is less exposed to AI than advancedeconomies due to the higher share of manual jobsxixFigure O8.