This report from France Stratégie explores the potential role of digital technologies in the decarbonization trajectory of the European Union and France towards achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. It addresses the risks posed by an uncontrolled digital transformation, particularly in terms of high energy consumption growth.
The report highlights that while the impact of digital technologies on global and French emissions is well understood (approximately 3% globally and 2.5% in France as of 2020), the potential contribution of these technologies to decarbonization policies is less documented. The focus is on four key digital usage cases: smart grids, smart homes, telework, and carpooling platforms.
The report suggests that the digital transformation could potentially contribute significantly to decarbonization, but warns against its uncontrolled development which might increase energy demand. The European Union is promoting the convergence of digital and environmental transitions, often referred to as "twin transition".
For each of the four usage cases, the report examines the direct and indirect effects of their deployment, considering scenarios of optimistic, median, and pessimistic outcomes. It notes that the effectiveness and scale of rebound effects vary depending on factors such as user behavior and the context of solution deployment.
The report concludes that while the potential contributions of smart homes, telework, and carpooling platforms to reducing carbon footprints can be significant, they also face challenges including the potential for increased energy consumption due to the technology itself and the need for behavioral changes among users.
Overall, the report underscores the importance of accurately assessing the costs and benefits of digital solutions to guide public decision-making and ensure responsible deployment. It calls for improved and shared methods of evaluating the environmental impact of digital technologies to address the challenge of managing the environmental impacts of digital usage comprehensively.
