2023年城市出行就绪指数

2023 REPORT Foreword Mobility lies at the center of a global inflection point. Record‑breakingheatwaves, inflation, and supply chain shifts have dominated headlinesand disrupted urban vitality as people decide how and why they travel.These challenges have a profound impact on society by setting a newparadigm where it’s getting increasingly difficult to ensure affordable andsustainable mobility solutions. However, doubling down on the simple building blocks of urban mobility,like efficient public transit or safer infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists,can keep downtowns and business centers buzzing. An emphasis on those mobility fundamentals lies at the center of the 2023edition of the Urban Mobility Readiness Index, a ranking of 65 global cities onhow prepared they are for mobility’s next chapter, created by the Oliver WymanForum and the University of California, Berkeley. Alongside commentary oneach city and regional strengths and challenges, this year’s edition introducestailored recommendations for each city’s most important challenges: how toimprove public transit and overall sustainable mobility dimensions. This edition marks the fifth anniversary of the Urban Mobility ReadinessIndex. By tracking progress with each annual edition, we can monitor acity’s evolution over a longer period as well as its year‑over‑year progress.Reflecting on that trajectory, whether it’s one year or five, is critical toidentifying winning strategies. We hope that by focusing attention on the simple essentials of urbanmobility, business and policy leaders can be encouraged and motivatedto build a more sustainable and equitable future. Alexandre Bayen Guillaume Thibault Professor, Electrical Engineering andComputer Science, UC Berkeley Partner and Mobility Co‑lead,Oliver Wyman Forum Contents Foreword3 Introduction6 WhyCitiesShouldFocusOnMobilityFundamentals10 RegionalAnalysis16 CityProfiles28 AbouttheIndex170 References176 Introduction CHARTING A NEW COURSE FOR URBAN MOBILITY The fifth anniversary of the Urban Mobility ReadinessIndex introduces tailored recommendations toimprove public transit and sustainable mobility foreach city. It’s a leap forward for the Index to movebeyond a year‑in‑review report to instead become anactionable tool for business and city leaders. These recommendations complement four key trends identified in this year’sedition that will define urban mobility for the near future. Supply ChainRisks SustainableInvestment ConvenientMass Transit EconomicPressures Manufacturers havestrengthened supplychains againstgeopolitical eventsvia multi‑sourcingand localization.However, resourcescarcities — especiallyfor new technologies— challengesupply chains. Increased investmentsin sustainablemobility are payingoff, with moreconsumer embracesof electric vehicles,cycling, and car‑freezones. Europeancities maintainedtheir leadership insustainable mobility. Inflation and supplychain shifts havedisrupted travel flows.Cities and businessesneed to keep publictransit fares affordableto recoup ridershiplevels and keep citycenters buzzing. Leading Asian citiesoffer the highest ratesof public transit stationdensity and ridershiplevels, while Europeancounterparts offerdiverse modal optionsthat are fast andoperate at long hours. The 2023 Index includes a selection of 65 global cities across five regions:Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and AfricaandNorth America The Index captures what business, consumers, and policymakers considerindispensable for urban mobility Sustainable Mobilitysub‑index Public Transitsub‑index Urban Mobility ReadinessIndex First launched in 2021, theSustainable Mobility sub‑indexmeasures cities’ efforts to buildgreener and more sustainablemobility ecosystems. Launched in 2022, the PublicTransit sub‑index measurescities’ performance on publictransit density, efficiency, andutilization rate. Mobility readiness is holisticallymeasured by 56 KPIs acrosssocial impact, infrastructure,innovation, system efficiency, andmarket attractiveness. Succeeding in these five dimensions is critical for a winningmobility ecosystem Social impact metrics are based on volatile variable measures that oftenprove controversial for municipal governments to regulate, such ascommuting time, traffic fluidity, public transit utilization, commuter density,car ownership, vehicle occupancy, population density, road safety, air quality,and international airport volumes. Social Impact Infrastructure metrics focus on static measures that are likely to remain nearconstant over time or are at least difficult to change, such as the density ofpublic transit stations, the walkability of a city, and the strength of a city’smultimodal networks. Infrastructure Market attractiveness is based on market‑driven metrics over whichmunicipal governments can exert influence, such as the competitiveness andpenetration of sharing‑economy business models in mobility, multimodal appmaturity and