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气候智慧城市规划法

公用事业2024-06-22-联合国艳***

AI智能总结

Urban planning law plays a crucial role in promoting climate-smart cities and addressing climate change. This document provides a comprehensive guide to integrating climate considerations into urban planning through legislative frameworks, governance structures, planning processes, and economic instruments. The key points can be summarized as follows:

1. Legal Framework and Climate Change

Global Context: Cities contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions but are also highly vulnerable to climate impacts.
Policy and Action: The Paris Agreement and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) highlight the need for increased ambition in climate action, especially in urban settings.

2. Governance and Participation

Multi-Level Coordination: Requires collaboration between national, sub-national, and local governments.
Participatory Governance: Encourages community involvement in decision-making processes.
Data Collection: Essential for understanding urban vulnerabilities and implementing adaptation and mitigation strategies.

3. Planning for Adaptation

Risk Assessment: Identifies climate risks and vulnerabilities in urban areas and infrastructure.
Adaptation Strategies: Focuses on implementing options that enhance resilience to climate change.
Special Considerations: Addresses adaptation needs in slums and vulnerable settlements.
Relocation and Tenure Security: Ensures planned relocations are sustainable and secure.
Integration into Development Approvals: Incorporates climate adaptation strategies into development approval processes.

4. Planning for Mitigation

Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Reducing emissions through urban plans and green initiatives.
Urban Form: Promoting forms that reduce carbon footprints.
Green Spaces: Enhancing environmental services and climate resilience.
Neighborhood Design: Incorporating energy-saving measures in building designs.

5. Economic and Non-Economic Instruments

Resources for Urban Planning: Provides financial and logistical support for climate-friendly initiatives.
Incentives for Mitigation and Adaptation: Financial and policy mechanisms to encourage sustainable practices.
Mitigating Factors: Identifies and addresses policies that undermine sustainable urban development.

Conclusion

This document serves as a comprehensive toolkit for urban planners and policymakers to integrate climate considerations into their work effectively. By focusing on governance, planning, economic instruments, and participation, it aims to facilitate the transition to climate-smart cities, ensuring that urban areas become more resilient and sustainable in the face of global climate challenges.

Urban Law Module LAW AND CLIMATE CHANGE TOOLKIThttps://climatelawtoolkit.org/ Urban Planning Law for Climate Smart Cities: Urban Law ModuleLAW AND CLIMATE CHANGE TOOLKIT First published in Nairobi in 2022 by UN-HabitatCopyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2022 United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)P.O. Box 30030, 00100 Nairobi GPO, KenyaTel: 254-020-7623120 (Central Office)www.unhabitat.org HS Number: HS/018/22E Acknowledgements Coordinators:Gianluca Crispi and Remy SietchipingMain Authors:Gianluca Crispi and Rashid AbubakarContributors:Maria Socorro Manguiat (UNEP), Benjamin Ojoleck (UNEP), Valentina Ricca, Anne Amin, Samuel NjugunaPeer reviewers:Anna Charles (UNFCCC), Anna Maria Bezerra de Mello Cárcamo (UNFCCC)Editing support: Vicky Quinlan and Samuel NjugunaLayout and Design:Jean Robert Gatsinzi Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory,city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The information provided in this publication does not, and is not intended to, constitute legal advice; instead, all information,content and materials are for general informational purposes only. Information on this publication may not constitute themost up-to-date legal or other information and no liability is assumed for the accuracy or use of information provided.Readers of this publication should contact their legal counsel to obtain advice with respect to any legal matter.Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. Table of Contents LIST OF TABLESVI LIST OF FIGURESVI FOREWORD1 UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, NDCs and the Required Increased Ambition3The Law and Climate Change Toolkit: An Introduction6Key Functionalities7Global Effects and Real Results8 INTRODUCTION: THE URBAN LAW MODULE9 The Companion Guide to the Online Version of the Toolkit10 1. GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORK FOR URBAN AND CLIMATE PLANNING13 1.1.Multi-Level Institutional Coordination131.2.Participatory Governance171.3.Data Collection and Sharing201.4.Local Governments’ Mandate for Urban Planning in Urban Areas21 2. URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING27 2.1.National Territorial Planning282.2.Regional (Sub-National) Territorial Planning322.3.Urban Planning in Urban Areas35 3. URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR ADAPTATION42 3.1.Climate Risks and Vulnerability for Planned Areas and Infrastructure453.2.IdentificationandPrioritizationofAdaptationOptions503.3.ImplementationoftheIdentifiedAdaptationOptions553.4.Adaptation of Slums and Vulnerable Settlements613.5.Planned Relocations653.6.Security of Tenure683.7.Implementation of Climate Adaptation Strategies Through DevelopmentApproval74 4. URBAN PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR MITIGATION81 4.1.Urban Plans and Greenhouse Gas Emissions824.2.Urban Form and Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions854.3.Green Spaces for Environmental and Climate Services934.4.Neighbourhood Design and Energy Saving in Buildings964.5.Implementation of Climate Mitigation Strategies Through DevelopmentApproval/Control98 5. ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS FOR CLIMATE FRIENDLYURBAN PLANNING104 5.1.Resources for Urban Planning and Climate Change1065.2.Incentives for Mitigation and Adaption in Urban Planning1115.3.Incentives that Undermine Sustainable Urban Land Uses113 6. CONCLUSION116 REFERENCES117 list of Tables Table 1Governance Framework for Urban and Climate Planning24Table 2Urban and Territorial Planning40Table 3Urban Planning and Design for Adaptation77Table 4Urban Planning and Design for Mitigation101Table 5Economic and Non-Economic Instruments for Climate Friendly Urban Planning115 list of Figures FIgure 1Urban extent of Pittsburgh and Stockholm, shown at the same scale86FIgure 2A Mapping Analysis of Portland’s 20-minute Neighbourhood92 Foreword Urbanareas represent a major battlegroundfor climate actionCities account for between60 and 80 per cent of energy consumption andaccording to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6)bythe Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC), they generate as much as 72percent of human-induced greenhouse gasemissionsAt the same time, and quite ironically,urban areas also stand to be severely affectedby the negative impacts associated with climatechangeCities are already suffering from extremeweather events, flooding, subsidence, storms,heat waves, water scarcity, droughts, and sea-level rise among other climate change effectsOne of the hottest years on record, 2021, closedwith Typhoon Oddette damaging and destroyingnearly 2 million houses in the Philippines - twiceas many as Super Typhoon Haiyan in 2013Considering that over 55 per cent of the world’spopulation live in urban areas as of 2022, andthis share is projected to increase to 68 percent by 2050, ci

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