混合办公世界的公平公共交通

In our rapidly evolving urban landscapes, transport isn’t just aboutForeword planning philosophy is thebelief that transport is morethan just a means of movement;it’s a bridge to opportunities, acatalyst for economic growth,movement—it’s about opportunity, connection, and inclusivity. As theGlobal Transport Consulting Leader at Arup, I’ve had the privilege championed the cause ofconnected and accessible cities,recognising that the true measureof a city’s greatness lies notjust in its infrastructure, butin its ability to offer equitableaccess to all its residents. As younavigate through the pages ofthis report, I invite you to join pandemic, the world witnessedunprecedented shifts in workand lifestyle patterns. Whilethese shifts immediately broughtforth a plethora of challenges,they also illuminated thepotential for reimagining and and a cornerstone for buildinginclusive communities. Thisreport delves into the nuancedreshaping our transport systems The way we work has likely permanently changed During the 2021 Census, Adelaide and Perth existed in stable,near Covid-normal conditions, providing the opportunityto delve into the likely long-term future of workingfrom home through select analysis and case studies.Adelaide The reported rate of working from home across Greater Adelaide and Perthapproximately doubled between the 2016 and 2021 census. Occupation type, income and relative social advantage allstrongly relate to the ability to work from home.But this change has not been even across societyOccupation type, income and relative social advantage all strongly relate to the ability to work from home.But this change has not been even across societyOccupation type, income and relative social advantage all strongly relate to the ability to work from home.But this change has not been even across societyOccupation type, income and relative social advantage all strongly relate to the ability to work from home. Higher income, more socially advantaged workers in white collaroccupations are far more likely to have the option of working from home.Higher income, more socially advantaged workers in white collaroccupations are far more likely to have the option of working from home.Higher income, more socially advantaged workers in white collaroccupations are far more likely to have the option of working from home.1 The Index of Relative Socio-Economic Advantage and Disadvantage (IRSAD) isa geographical indexpublished by the Australian Bureau of Statistics that ranks areas in Australia by socio-economic factors. The quality of public transport is unevenlso uneven Accessibility to employment using public transport is Work from home has impacted transport inequality Hybrid working has created another commuting option for thesocially advantaged, whilst the disadvantaged continue to becomparatively poorly served by public transport. to be employed in occupations that cannot bedone from home2. Our accessibility modellingshows they are also less likely to have the optionof using public transport to commute to work. Change is needed Forced car ownershipcomes at a high price A lack of accessentrenches inequality Public transport in growthareas delivers strong benefits 15% of their income on transportation, 94%of this going to operating private vehicles4.For low-income households, who are morelikely to have poor access to public transport,needing to own and operate multiple cars create a ‘poverty trap’3, where limitedaccess to employment, education, healthservices and social opportunities ultimately estimated a financial benefit of $37Bstemming from $9B of investment inthe early delivery of public transport to Recommendation 1Align vision and objectives early Guiding investment towards equitableoutcomes requires an early strategicfocus. The planning and appraisalprocesses for transport infrastructureand service investment ultimatelydetermines how investment is made.This process is highly path dependent. Recommendation 2Value what matters Traditional appraisal methods can lock in avicious cycle of inequality. Changing howwe measure project impact to better captureequality can help address this. focusses on easily monetisable measures such as patronage, traveltime savings and congestion reduction and therefore favours makingpublic transport investments in inner city, denser, mixed use andmore walkable suburbs. In most Australian cities, these suburbsare more likely to be home to socially advantaged populations. to monetise) measures alongside traditional economicmeasures, including accessibility to employment andeveryday destinations, would better highlight the need to actin disadvantaged locations with high car dependence. Recommendation 3Act early in growth areas Early implementation of public transportservice and infrastructure can prevententrenchment of car dependence anddeliver significant benefits. options for many families. However, these areas are often someof the most car dependent, forcing hi