您的浏览器禁用了JavaScript(一种计算机语言,用以实现您与网页的交互),请解除该禁用,或者联系我们。[Brookings]:布若金斯城市:绘制美国活动中心的地图(英文) - 发现报告
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布若金斯城市:绘制美国活动中心的地图(英文)

文化传媒2022-10-15Tracy Hadden Loh、 DW Rowlands、 Adie Tomer、 Joseph Kane、 Jennifer VeyBrookings庄***
布若金斯城市:绘制美国活动中心的地图(英文)

1MAPPING AMERICA’S ACTIVITY CENTERSMAPPING AMERICA’S ACTIVITY CENTERS:THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROSPEROUS, EQUITABLE, AND SUSTAINABLE REGIONSTracy Hadden Loh, DW Rowlands, Adie Tomer, Joseph Kane, and Jennifer Vey OCTOBER 2022 2MAPPING AMERICA’S ACTIVITY CENTERSCONTENTIntroduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3Why does the geography of activity matter? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �5What are activity centers? � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7Our methodology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8Key findings from our activity center analysis� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13Finding 1: Activity centers are more active, containing an outsized share of metropolitan assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13Finding 2: Activity centers are more productive, with greater density leading to higher gross metropolitan product � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �16Finding 3: Activity centers are more valuable, with higher commercial and residential real estate assessments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �17Finding 4: Activity centers are more accessible and inclusive to metro area residents � � �18Finding 5: Activity centers have more sustainable travel outcomes, with less driving and more walking and biking � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �22Implications for practice � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �25Implication 1: Nurturing a productive, innovative economic ecosystem � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �25Implication 2: Supporting an accessible, flexible, and sustainable built environment� � � � �26Implication 3: Fostering an inclusive and equitable social environment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �26Implication 4: Encouraging a locally organized civic infrastructure � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �26Conclusion and areas for future research � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �27Acknowledgements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �28 3MAPPING AMERICA’S ACTIVITY CENTERSAs the saying goes, three things matter in real estate: location, location, location� Cities and metropolitan areas are built around assets such as transportation nodes, employment hubs, cultural attractions, political and religious institutions, and health facilities—all of which tend to cluster in specific locations. The ability to develop the places that concentrate these assets has always been a key ingredient to building productive and thriving metro areas� But after decades of suburbanization, activity does not concentrate in the same ways it once did� Metropolitan areas are no longer structured along a linear continuum, fanning outward from a distinct downtown to edgeless suburbia to rural countryside dotted with a few town centers� They instead contain constellations of asset-rich places, typically surrounded by housing-only developments or a mix of residential and commercial sprawl�1 This long-standing concept of metropolitan geography as a line from a singular urban center to suburbs to farms—and conceiving of the suburbs as exclusively residential places—is no longer accurate in the age of American megaregions� Over time, the dispersion of assets and activities has stretched the distances between people and opportunity, often leading to greater economic and racial inequality�2 More recently, the emergence of rapid telecommunications and a global pandemic have led to new uncertainties about what kinds of places will be in demand in the future�At a time when economic and climate-related disruptions seem to come ever more frequently, it is easy to lose track of the fact that the built environment changes quite slowly� As such, industrial, cultural, and environmental shifts in the decades to come will primarily occur within existing places and alongside the infrastructure we’ve already created� But, as in Introduction 4MAPPING AMERICA’S ACTIVITY CENTERSthe past, the impacts of those shifts—for good and for ill—will still be influenced by the choices we make today regarding how and where we prioritize future investments� All this makes it essential that the field of metropolitan development—particularly, practitioners and applied researchers—has a contemporary understanding of what people and the economy need from place, how those needs express themselves on the landscape, and how, then, the field should respond to them. In other words, we need to establish both a new map and a new vocabu