This report, written by staff members of the Chinese Academy of Financial Inclusion and external researchers, explores the path to universal coverage of account ownership in rural China. The report examines the experiences, policies, and innovations that have contributed to this progress. The authors gratefully acknowledge the guidance of Dr. Duoguang Bei and Dr. Xiugen Mo, as well as the research assistance of Hungyue Chiang, Qinyi Gong, Ai Ke, Xuehui Li, Ge Tian, Suyun Xu, Yuanshuai Yang, Chanyuan Zhang, and Yunzhe Zhu. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded this study, and the team benefited from discussions and feedback from their staff. All errors are the authors' own.