中国农村账户拥有率演变

The Path to Universal Coverage of Account Ownership in Rural ChinaExperiences, Policies, and Innovations Bo Wang | Xixi Kang | Lechi Zhang This report is written by staff members of the Chinese Academy of Financial Inclusion(CAFI) and other external researchers in the research team. This report is on subjects oftopical interest and is technical in character. The views expressed here are those of theauthors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of CAFI or its partners. The authors are grateful for the overall guidance of Dr. Duoguang Bei and Dr. Xiugen Mo.We are also indebted to Hungyue Chiang, Qinyi Gong, Ai Ke, Xuehui Li, Ge Tian, SuyunXu, Yuanshuai Yang, Chanyuan Zhang, and Yunzhe Zhu for their research assistance.We also acknowledge the design and layout support from Yi Xing, and a special thanksto Yuehua Wu for the administrative coordination throughout the project. Finally, we sincerely thank the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for funding this study.The team greatly benefited from the enlightening discussions, generous feedback, andcontinuous support from their staff, including Daniel Radcliffe, Maria May, Thao Hong,Ezgi Ucaner-Flor, and Lanna Wu. Their time devoted and advice shared wasindispensable in shaping this report. All errors are our own. © Chinese Academy of Financial Inclusion 2022. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may bereproduced or translated provided the source is stated. Contents Chapter 0: An Executive Summary............................................................................................... 1Background of Study.................................................................................................................. 1Purpose and Scope of Study...................................................................................................... 2Findings and Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 3Chapter 1: China's Financial Inclusion......................................................................................... 7Financial Inclusion in China..................................................................................................... 7China's Financial Inclusion Experiences ................................................................................ 15China's Rural Finance.............................................................................................................. 17Chapter 2: History of First-Account Opening ........................................................................... 20Chapter 2.1: The Urbanization: 1976 - 2003 .............................................................................. 25Chapter 2.2: Direct Agricultural Subsidies: 2004 - 2010 ........................................................... 30Chapter 2.3: The Social Security Cards: 2011 – Present ............................................................ 33Chapter 3: Accelerating Financial Inclusion – Fintech Firms................................................... 38Chapter 4: Global Cases ............................................................................................................... 52REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 101ANNEX....................................................................................................................................... 103Annex 1: Notes on Guangxi's Data ....................................................................................... 103Annex 2: Policy Evolution Flowchart .................................................................................. 105Annex 3: Policy Evolution of Two Rural Insurance Schemes ............................................ 106Annex 4: Social Security Card Evolution Flowchart ........................................................... 107Annex 5: List of Direct Agricultural Subsidies Pilot Arrangements in 2004 ..................... 108Annex 6: Name List for Direct Agricultural Subsidies Pilot Counties in 2005 .................. 109 Figures Figure 1........................................................................................................................................... 1Figure 2........................................................................................................................................... 2Figure 3: Four Stages of the “Store-of-Value Transaction Account” Development................... 4Figure 4........................................................................................................................................... 8Figure 5........................................................................................................................................... 9Figure 6: Agent-based Service Points, Photo Taken in Jinggangshan, Jiangxi Province......... 10Figure 7.............................