Sustainable regeneration of unused transportation territories

Understanding land as a resource Sustainable Regeneration of Unused Transport TerritoriesUnderstanding Land as a Resource Project DirectorStefano Recalcatiassociate, Arup Italia Project ManagerZeynep Çelebi Beslersenior architect, Arup Turkey Research TeamSerena Giraniarchitect, Arup ItaliaJoana Mendosenior designer, Arup GermanyEylem Önal Şahinassociate, Arup TurkeyEkim Ateşersenior Architect, Arup TurkeyGonca Akgülarchitect, YTÜChiara Fraticelligraduate planner, Arup Italia CoverEzgi Köksal, Arup Graphic designChiara Fraticelli, ArupEzgi Köksal, ArupSerena Girani, ArupZeynep Çelebi Besler, Arup The author acknowledges from the onsetpossible unintentional omission of any credits ©2016 Arup,All rights reserved. CONTENTS a matter of equilibriumworldwide emissionshuman activity in atmosphereclimate changespacial and temporal cross-cutting analysistemporal frameworka specific focus: unused transport territories1.the use of land as a resourceworld land use: consumption of a resource1900-2010 land use changes in europe1900-2010 changes in urbanized europe2010.brownfieldsineuropeancities2.built-up land and socio-economic changes: focus on threecountriesurbanization and transportation in germany1900-2010. land use changes in germany2010s.brownfieldsingermanyurbanization and transportation history in italy1900-2010. land use changes in italy2010s.brownfieldsinitalyurbanization and transportation in turkey1990-2010 land-use changes in turkey2010s.brownfieldsinturkey3.built-up land and the environmentgreenhouse emissions by sector and countriesbuildings, energy and emissions in europethe european building stockregeneration/revitalization the existing4.case studies5.a framework for sustainable regenerationroadmapimportanceofbrownfieldsfornewdevelopmentsincitieschallengestothedevelopmentofbrownfieldsten strategies for the futurebibliography4-56-78-910-1112-1314-1718-1920-2122-2330-3138-3942-4347-4849-5252-5354-5557-6061-6263-6464-6768-6970-7172-7374-7576-7778-798082102104106108109110 A MATTER OFEQUILIBRIUM Landisafiniteandshrinkingresource.Desertificationisexperiencedon33%oftheglobal land surface and affects more than one billion people, especially concentratedininAfrica.Only11%ofthegloballandsurfaceoffersnoorfewlimitationsforpractical use, which means that a global population of 7.4 billion people relies on this11%foritsfood. The co-signed document issued by the recent Conference of Parties COP21 - alsoknownasthe2015ParisClimateConference-includedagoalspecificallyfocusedon land as a resource. It says that the countries agree to: ‘protect, restore and promotethe sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combatdesertificationandhaltandreverselanddegradationandhaltbiodiversityloss’. Undoubtedly, land is an environmental resource, but it is also an economic resource,whichisinfluencedbysocio-politicalchangesregulatedbyurbanlawsandsocialchanges. The vast majority of human activities depends on the use of land. We rely onurbanized land to live, we need land for our nourishment, forests are a fundamentalelement for the quality of the air, and soil play a very important role in natural waterpurification.Understanding land as a resource which is a compelling issue to plan amore sustainable future. Theimplicationsforthebuildingsectoraresignificant,especiallyinurbanizedareaswhere land-use changes occur frequently, land has a high economic values, andsocial changes are concentrated. Land in cities is heavily exposed to socio-economicchanges, such as the industrialization or the de-industrialization processes. Interveningin the process of land-use changes means to regulate the consumpion of a resource,andbrownfieldsaretheoccasionforurbanplannerstobalanceland-usedevelopment,social changes and environmental urgencies. UNDERSTANDING LAND AS ARESOURCE IS A COMPELLINGISSUE TO PLAN A MORESUSTAINABLE FUTURE. BROWNFIELDS ARE THEOCCASION FOR URBANPLANNERS TO BALANCE LAND-USE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIALCHANGES AND ENVIRONMENTALURGENCIES. WORLDWIDE EMISSIONS CLIMATE CHANGE 40%WILDLIFE SPECIES COULDBECOME EXTINCT The climate of our planet has alwayschanged, actually as a result of most ofthenaturalfactorslikefluctuations inthe climate system, Volcanic reasons,verylittlechangesofEarth’smovementaround the sun. But human being causeamagnitudeinfluenceontheclimatebyburning fossil fuels, destroying the forestswhich are absorbing CO2 and more. Inthis case all global efforts are essentialand pioneer for the future of humanbeing. World is getting warmerTheaveragetemperatureof the Earth’s surface has increased by about 0,85°C,between1880-2012(IPCC 5th Ass.Rep.), a change mostly caused by carbondioxide releases and other human sourcedemissions into the atmosphere.Accordingto the NASA and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) analysis, 2015 was the warmestyear since 1880. Globalwarming is primarly occursbecause of too much CO2 concentration inthe atmosphere which is keeping the heatand warming