大标题主动配电网运行调控：从模型到量测驱动吴文传长聘教授IEEE/CSEE/IET Fellow清华大学 电机工程与应用电子技术系EMSSmart Grid@ 大标题12主动配电网调控体系3基于在线反馈优化的集群自律运行4自适应协同的集群动态电压支撑控制2背 景EMSSmart Grid@5基于动态模态分解的集群频率主动支撑控制 大标题研究背景13同步发电机+集中可调度发电+大规模的旋转惯量+ 与网络有自同步性+鲁棒的电压/频率控制–慢速动作与控制电力电子–分布& 随机性发电–没有旋转惯量–没有天然的自同步性–脆弱的电压/频率控制+快速/灵活/ 模块化控制电网电力电子控制系统质变电网形态的演变集中式发电系统↓分布式发电系统(丹麦)爬升1500万千瓦/3小时某省级电网调度负荷曲线 大标题14背景山东省调负荷鸭子曲线反向重过载配网谐振过电压加州4次大面积脱网功率波动谐波电压超标台区占6.93%过电压加剧光伏出力随机性强分布式光伏出力随机,运行工况多变，逆变器适应性差分布式光伏抗扰能力差，缺乏主动同步能力，谐振、电能质量恶化，控制困难反向过载、过电压等问题突出，调控能力不足，运行风险大，调度困难配电网馈线潮流方向配电变压器电压变电站馈线末端无光伏接入电压容许范围诱发英国大停电爬升1500万千瓦/3小时 大标题背景15主动配电网主动配电网包含多个区域系统，这些系统能够控制由大量分布式资源——分布式发电、负荷、储能所构成的集合。配电系统运营商通过灵活可变的网络拓扑能够管理配电网的潮流，在具备一定调控能力且满足并网要求的前提下，分布式可控资源承担一部分系统支撑任务。[CIGREC6.11工作组]Infrastructure of power distributionActive resourcesActive Network Management 大标题62主动配电网运行调控体系广域协调优化运行对内自治对外支撑自适应并网提高供电质量 大标题72主动配电网运行调控体系支撑需求支撑能力分布式光储集群控制风险量化调控技术主动支撑能力优化广域分布式光伏协同主动支撑与优化运行调控平台 基于在线反馈优化的集群自律运行8主动配电网的数据驱动控制 Received: 5 May 2022Revised: 28 January 2023Accepted: 28 January 2023Energy Conversion and EconomicsDOI: 10.1049/enc2.12080ORIGINAL RESEARCHOptimized planning of chargers for electric vehicles in distributiongrids including PV self-consumption and cooperative vehicleownersFabrizio Sossan1,2Biswarup Mukherjee11MINES Paris - PSL, Centre PERSEE, Sophia Antipolis, France2HES-SO Valais - WallisAbstractThis paper presents a mathematical model to site and size the charging infrastructure forelectric vehicles (EVs) in a distribution grid to minimize the required capital investmentsand maximize self-consumption of local PV generation jointly. The formulation accountsfor the operational constraints of the distribution grid (nodal voltages, line currents, andtransformers’ ratings) and the recharging times of the EVs. It explicitly models the EVowners’ flexibility in plugging and unplugging their vehicles to and from a charger to enableoptimal utilization of the charging infrastructure and improve self-consumption (cooper-ative EV owners). The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP),where nonlinear grid constraints are approximated with linearized grid models.KEYWORDScharging stations, electric vehicles, PV self-consumption, siting1INTRODUCTIONThe increasing population of electric vehicles (EVs) motivatedthe necessity of developing an extended charging infrastruc-ture. According to [1, 2] in France, 2 billion euros will benecessary to deploy 7 million public and private chargers by2030. Also, it is estimated in [3] that, during 2019–2025, morethan 2 billion dollars will be necessary to improve the publicand residential charging infrastructure across major metropoli-tan areas of the United States. A large number of chargingstations and the simultaneous charging of many EVs mightresult in increased power flows, violating the operational con-straints of distribution grids (voltage levels, line ampacities, andsubstation transformers rating). Thus, besides the investmentassociated with developing the charging infrastructures, addi-tional investments might be required to upgrade and reinforcethe grid infrastructures, especially distribution grids. This moti-vates planning the EV charging infrastructure (in terms of theirlocations in numbers) while cognizant of the constraints ofdistribution grids and driving demand of the EV owners.This is an open access article under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivsLicense, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided theoriginal work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.© 2023 The Authors.Energy Conversion and Economicspublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Engineering and Technology and the State Grid Economic &Technological Research Institute Co., Ltd.A solution to reduce grid congestions and, at the same time,reduce grid losses and improve the carbon footprint of therecharging process is to charge EVs by using electricity pro-duced by local photovoltaic (PV) generation. This paradigm,known as PV self-consumption, has been widely advocatedin the literature as a way to integrate more PV into existingdistribution grids [4, 5], delaying expensive grid reinforcement.In this paper, we tackle planning the charging infrastruc-ture for EVs, namely establishing the location and numberof chargers in a distribution grid to satisfy the rechargingdemand of the EV owners. The objective of the study is to ver-ify whether optimizing the EV charging infrastructure underdifferent criteria leads to significantly different infrastructurerequirements. These different criteria are: minimizing the totalinvestment costs (i.e. chargers are planned to minimize the capi-tal investment), optimizing for PV self-consumption (i.e. jointoptimization of capital investments and facilitating PV self-consumption), reduction of the cost of recharge for end users(i.e. joint optimization of capital and operating costs under time-of-use electricity tariffs),