City Index 2023

City Index 2023The world’s most comprehensive research study on perceptions of city brands 3ContentsContents 3About Brand Finance 4Get in Touch 4Brand Finance City Index 2023 8Introduction 12Methodology 16Executive SummaryLondon is crowned as the world’s best city brand 22The Halo vs. Horn Effect. Do Domestic Perceptions Lag International Perceptions: A Case Study of Nine US Cities. 26What Drives Consideration of City Brands? 28Intangible Value and the City of London 32City Brand Spotlights Cape Town 36 Montréal 38Prague 40Regional Analysis Africa 44ASEAN 47Australia 48Benelux 51Brazil 52Canada 55China 56DACH 59France 60India 62Italy 65LatAm 66Middle East 69Nordics 70Poland 72Portugal 74Spain 77Romania 79Sri Lanka 80Türkiye 82United Kingdom 84United States 87Brand Finance Network 88Brand Finance has produced this study with an independent and unbiased analysis. The data derived and opinions produced in this study are based only on survey findings and publicly available information and certain assumptions that Brand Finance used where such data was deficient or unclear. Brand Finance accepts no responsibility and will not be liable in the event that the publicly available information relied upon is subsequently found to be inaccurate. The opinions and data analysis expressed in the report are not to be construed as providing investment or business advice. Brand Finance does not intend the report to be relied upon for any reason and excludes all liability to any body, government or organisation. Data compiled for Brand Finance reports are provided for the benefit of the media and the public and are not to be used for any commercial or technical purpose without written permission from Brand Finance. © 2023 All rights reserved. Brand Finance PlcDisclaimer 45Brand Finance is the world’s leading brand evaluation and strategy consultancy.We bridge the gap between marketing and finance Brand Finance was set up in 1996 with the aim of 'bridging the gap between marketing and finance'. We have been measuring and advising how to boost nation brands and corporate brands for over 25 years.We pride ourselves on technical credibilityBrand Finance is a chartered accountancy firm regulated by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, and the first brand valuation consultancy to join the International Valuation Standards Council. Our experts helped craft the internationally recognised standards on Brand Valuation – ISO 10668 and Brand Evaluation – ISO 20671.We quantify the financial value of brands We put 5,000 of the world’s biggest brands to the test every year. Ranking brands across all sectors and countries, we publish nearly 100 reports annually.We offer a unique combination of expertiseOur teams have experience across a wide range of disciplines from marketing and market research, to brand strategy and visual identity, to tax and accounting, to public diplomacy and crisis communications. We understand the importance of sharing a brand’s story to reach business objectives.We advise DMOs how to boost their place brands Brand Finance has been conducting an annual Nation Brands study on the world’s most valuable and strongest nation brands for nearly 20 years. It has provided key benchmarks for diplomats, tourism boards, trade agencies, nation brand consultants and managers. The Global Soft Power Index expands on that methodology to provide an all-round view of perceptions of nation brands. The Brand Finance City Index does the same for city brands. Understanding those perceptions is key for national, regional, city, and corporate brands to achieve success internationally, allowing to identify strengths and weaknesses and to improve growth strategies going forward. The stronger the place brand's perceptions, the greater its ability to attract investments, market its products and services, promote tourism, and invite talent. to attract investments and market its products and services.About Brand FinanceGet in TouchFor all enquiries, please contact:Konrad JagodzinskiPlace Branding Director, Brand Financek.jagodzinski@brandfinance.comArtur BryzghalovPlace Branding Manager, Brand Financea.bryzghalov@brandfinance.com linkedin.com/company/brand-finance twitter.com/brandfinance facebook.com/brandfinance instagram.com/brand.financeenquiries@brandfinance.com +44 (0)20 7389 9400For more information, please visit our website:www.brandfinance.com/cityindex 7A City Perceptions Report provides a full breakdown of your city brand ́s performance in all metrics of the Brand Finance City Index, both on a global level and on a country-by-country basis. Each report includes expert recommendations for improving your city brand perceptions and offers a cost-effective way to gaining a better understanding of your position against peers.Request your ownCity Perceptions ReportBenefitsVisit www.brandfi nance.com/cityindexor email enquiries@brandfi nance.comInsightStrategyBenchmarkingEducationCommunicationUnders