Creative Expression: An Introduction to Copyright and Related Rights for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

An Introduction to Copyright and Related Rightsfor Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Intellectual Propertyfor Business SeriesNumber 4 Publications in the“Intellectual Property for Business” series: 1.Making a Mark:An Introduction to Trademarks and Brands forSmall and Medium-sized Enterprises.WIPO publication No. 900.1 2.Looking Good:An Introduction to Industrial Designs for Smalland Medium-sized Enterprises.WIPO publication No. 498.1 3.Inventing the Future:An Introduction to Patents for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. WIPO publication No. 917.1 4.Creative Expression:An Introduction to Copyright and Related Rightsfor Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.WIPO publication No. 918 5.In Good Company:Managing Intellectual Property Issues inFranchising. WIPO publication No. 1035 6.Enterprising Ideas:A Guide to Intellectual Property for Startups.WIPO publication No. 961 All publications are available to download free ofcharge at:www.wipo.int/publications Creative Expression An Introduction to Copyright and Related Rightsfor Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Intellectual Propertyfor Business SeriesNumber 4 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International. The user is allowed to reproduce, distribute, adapt, translateand publicly perform this publication, including for commer-cial purposes, without explicit permission, provided that thecontent is accompanied by an acknowledgement that WIPOis the source and that it is clearly indicated if changes weremade to the original content. Suggested citation: WIPO (2023).Creative Expression: AnIntroduction to Copyright and Related Rights for Small andMedium-sized Enterprises. Geneva: World Intellectual PropertyOrganization. 10.34667/tind.47322 Adaptation/translation/derivatives should not carry any of-ficial emblem or logo, unless they have been approved andvalidated by WIPO. Please contact us via theWIPO websiteto obtain permission. For any derivative work, please include the following disclaim-er: “The Secretariat of WIPO assumes no liability or respon-sibility with regard to the transformation or translation of theoriginal content.” When content published by WIPO, such as images, graphics,trademarks or logos, is attributed to a third-party, the user ofsuch content is solely responsible for clearing the rights withthe right holder(s). To view a copy of this license, please visithttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. © WIPO, 2023 Any dispute arising under this license that cannot be set-tled amicably shall be referred to arbitration in accordancewith Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission onInternational Trade Law (UNCITRAL) then in force. The partiesshall be bound by any arbitration award rendered as a resultof such arbitration as the final adjudication of such a dispute. First published 2006 World Intellectual Property Organization34, chemin des ColombettesP.O. Box 18CH-1211 Geneva 20Switzerland The designations employed and the presentation of materi-al throughout this publication do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever on the part of WIPO concerning thelegal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ISBN: 978-92-805-3450-4 (print)ISBN: 978-92-805-3456-6 (online)ISSN: 2958-4620 (print)ISSN: 2958-4639 (online) This publication is not intended to reflect the views of theMember States or the WIPO Secretariat. The mention of specific companies or products of manufac-turers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommend-ed by WIPO in preference to others of a similar nature that arenot mentioned. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Cover: GabrielGurrola/Unsplash; Martin deArriba/Unsplash; Susan Q Yin/Unsplash Table of contents Acknowledgments5 How do you prove that you are theowner of copyright?42How do you protect works inelectronic or digital form?43How do you obtain protection inother countries?47Is a copyright notice on the workobligatory?47 Introduction7 What is copyright?10What are related rights?11How are copyright and relatedrights relevant to your business?12How are copyright and relatedrights obtained?13Are there other legal means forprotecting intellectual property?13 Ownership of copyright andrelated rights49 Who is the author of a work?50 Who owns copyright?54 Who owns related rights?56 Scope and duration ofprotection Benefiting from copyrightand related rights57 What types of works are protectedby copyright?What criteria must a work meet toqualify for protection?What aspects of a work are notprotected by copyright?What protection does copyrightprovide?What protection do related rightsprovide?How long do copyright and relatedrights last? How can you generate income fromcreative works and related rights?58Can you sell your work and stillkeep the copyright in it?58What is a copyright license?58What is copyright assignment?67 Using works owned by others68 What can be used wi