2022自动配置技术白皮书

自动配置技术白皮书 Copyright © 2022 新华三技术有限公司 版权所有，保留一切权利。 非经本公司书面许可，任何单位和个人不得擅自摘抄、复制本文档内容的部分或全部，并不得以任何形式传播。 除新华三技术有限公司的商标外，本手册中出现的其它公司的商标、产品标识及商品名称，由各自权利人拥有。 本文中的内容为通用性技术信息，某些信息可能不适用于您所购买的产品。 i 目 录 1 概述·························································································································································· 1 1.1 产生背景 ··············································································································································· 1 1.2 技术优点 ··············································································································································· 1 2 自动配置技术实现 ···································································································································· 1 2.1 文本类型的配置文件 ····························································································································· 1 2.2 Python脚本文件 ··································································································································· 2 2.3 Tcl脚本文件 ········································································································································· 2 2.4 自动配置的实现方式 ····························································································································· 3 3 U盘自动配置技术实现 ····························································································································· 3 3.1 使用ini格式的索引文件和对设备进行配置的文件进行自动配置 ·························································· 3 3.2 仅使用.cfg格式的配置文件进行自动配置 ····························································································· 6 4 服务器自动配置技术实现 ························································································································· 7 4.1 典型组网 ··············································································································································· 7 4.2 运行机制 ··············································································································································· 8 4.2.1 基本原理 ···································································································································· 8 4.2.2 服务器自动配置（IPv4环境） ··································································································· 9 4.2.3 服务器自动配置（IPv6环境） ································································································· 15 5 典型组网应用 ········································································································································· 19 5.1 TFTP方式的服务器自动配置（交换应用）························································································ 19 5.2 HTTP Python方式的服务器自动配置举例（交换应用） ···································································· 20 5.3 TFTP方式的同网段服务器自动配置（路由应用） ············································································· 20 5.4 TFTP方式的跨网段服务器自动配置（路由应用） ············································································· 21 1 1 概述 1.1 产生背景 在部署网络设备时，设备硬件安装完成后，需要管理员到安装现场对设备进行软件调试。此种模式适合小规模安装，并容忍一定的人为出错几率。而对于较大型的项目，需要实施的网点多、设备数量多，手工配置的方式较为费时费力，安装和实施成本较高。因此，需要支持 对完成硬件安装的设备进行自动配置的方案。 1.2 技术优点 自动配置是指空配置设备上电启动时采用的一种自动获取并执行配置文件的功能。设备运行自动配置功能 后，可以从U盘或文件服务器获取配置文件 并自动加载配置文件，实现远程部署接入网络的设备，从而减少人力成本，并提高设备部署的效率。 2 自动配置技术实现 空配置设备可以通过执行文件服务器上“.cfg”的文本类型配置文件、Python脚本文件或Tc l脚本文件实现自动配置。 2.1 文本类型的配置文件 后缀名为“.cfg”的文本类型配置文件是用来保存配置的文件。 文本类型的配置文件包括特定配置文件、部分或全部公用配置文件以及缺省配置文件（device.cfg）三种类型。具体如表1所示。 表1 不同的 文本类型的配置文件 配置文件 适用的设备 文件名要求 支持的文件服务器 特定配置文件 具有特定配置需求的设备 配置文件名.cfg 为了方便辨识文件名，尽量不要使用包含空格的配置文件名 • HTTP服务器 • TFTP服务器 部分或全部共用配置文件 配置需求全部或者部分相同的设备 配置文件名.cfg “配置文件名”可以是任意文件名 • HTTP服务器 • TFTP服务器 缺省配置文件，包含一般设备启动的公用配置信息 无特殊配置需求的设备 固定配置文件名device.cfg TFTP服务器 2 2.2 Python脚本文件 ComwareV7系统提供扩展Python API，设备通过执行Python API脚本实现自动配置。Python脚本文件由管理员创建，并存放在文件服务器（HTTP服务器或TFTP服务器） 上供设备获取，其后缀名为“.py”。 扩展Python API支持如下两种方式下发Comware配置命令： 1. channel channel方式用来执行Comware系统的命令并创建channel对象。脚本格式为channel(command=‘’)。command表示要下发的命令，缺省为空。channel下发命令是从用户视图开始，如果command中不指定视图，直接输入命令，表示该命令在用户视图下执行；当需要执行其它视图的命令时，需要先输入进视图的命令，再输入具体的配置命令。多条命令之间以空格加分号分隔，如’system-view ;display interface brief | include UP’。 2. CLI CLI方式用来执行Comware系统的命令并创建CLI对象。脚本格式为CLI(command=‘’, do_print=True)。 • command：表示要下发的命令，缺省为空。CLI下发命令是从用户视图开始，如果command中不指定视图，直接输入命令，表示该命令在用户视图下执行；当需要执行其它视图的命令时，需要先输入进视图的命令，再输入具体的配置命令。多条命令之间以空格加分号分隔，如’system-view ;local-user test class manage’。 • do_ print：表示是否输出执行结果，True表示输出执行结果，False表示不输出执行结果。缺省值为True。 管理员通过Python脚本可以实现丰富的功能，例如通过识别设备型号下载对应的配置文件、自动保存配置文件到文件服务器等等。本白皮书仅介绍自动配置的工作流程，不包含如何编辑Python脚本的内容。 2.3 Tcl脚本文件 ComwareV7系统内嵌了Tc l（Tool Command Language，工具命令语言）解析器，支持执行Tc l脚本命令，以实现通过Tc l脚本配置设备。Tc l脚本文件由管理员创建，并存放在文件服务器（HTTP服务器或TFTP服务器）上供设备获取，其后缀名为“.tcl”。Tc l脚本文件中包括设备可执行的Comware命令。例如： system-view telnet server enable local-u