2022-2023年亚太地区贸易投资趋势报告

ASIA-PACIFICTRADEANDINVESTMENTTRENDS2022/2023Foreign Direct Investment and Policies in the HealthSectorinAsiaandthePacificESCAPGFORWARDTOGETHE The shoded areas of the map indicote ESCAPmembers and associote members,*The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) serves as theUnited Nations' regional hub promoting cooperation among countries to achieveinclusive and sustainable development. The largest regional intergovernmentalplatform with 53 Member States and 9 Associate Members, ESCAP has emerged asa strong regional think-tank offering countries sound analytical products that shedinsight into the evolving economic, social and environmental dynamics of the region.The Commission's strategic focus is to deliver on the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment, which it does by reinforcing and deepening regional cooperation andintegration to advance connectivity, financial cooperation and market integration.ESCAP's research and analysis coupled with its policy advisory services, capacitybuilding and technical assistance to governments aims to support countries'sustainable and inclusive development ambitions.* The designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expressionof any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legalfrontiers or boundaries.ASIA-PACIFIC TRADEAND INVESTMENTTRENDS 2022/2023 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:This Brief was written by Vanika Sharma, Consultant, Investment and EnterpriseSection, Trade, Investment and Innovation Division, ESCAP. The Brief was developedEconomic Affairs Officer, Technology and Innovation Section, TlD; and Yann Duval,Chief, Trade Policy and Facilitation Section (TPFS), TIID. Natnicha Sutthivanaprovided secretariat support as well as cover design and editorial layout. The Briefwas copy - edited by Robert Oliver.ASIA-PACIFIC TRADEAND INVESTMENT TRENDS 2022/2023 ili ContentsHighlights1.Introduction2, FDI and Health: Literature review.43.HealthsectorFDIdefinitionand trends.63.1Health sector FDI trends..63.2 Mergers and acquisitions in the health sector in Asia and the Pacific........ 123.3 Country-wise health sector FDI trends in Asia and the Pacific..134.National investmentpolicies inthehealth sector..-. 174.1Restrictivepolicies4.2Liberalizing policies..195. Policy recommendations for increased investment in the health sector...246.Conclusion.27References.28ASIA-PACIFIC TRADEAND INVESTMENT TRENDS 2022/2023 in HighlightsThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the cracks in the current health sectorFrom 2019 to 2020, investment in the health-care sector dropped by 45 per cent andcontinued to decline in 2021 to 34 per cent in the first three quarters of 2022. Globally, greenfield investment in the health sector, from 2008 to 2021, fluctuatedconsiderably, falling by 28 per cent between 2008 and 2012 and then increasing by 97per cent to US$ 24 billion by 2021. Global peaks and falls have been replicated in theFDl received by countries in the Asian and Pacific region, while the share of globalinward FDI in the health sector in Asia and the Pacific has declined over the period.Greenfield FDI in the health sector in Asia and the Pacific was 49 per cent lower in 2021compared to 2008. However, prospects for 2022 look better, with an increase of 78 pelcent in the first quarter of the year, compared to the same period in 2021.On individual subsectors, between 2008-2021 in Asia and the Pacific, thepharmaceutical subsector attracted the highest amount of greenfield investment, USs36 billion, followed by the medical devices segment which was received USs20 billion then biotechnology and healthcare, which received USs 17 billion andUSs 10.8 billion respectively. Prospects for the pharmaceutical subsector in Asia and the Pacific are subdued for theremainder of 2022, with a steady value of USs 96 million worth of greenfieldinvestments undertaken in the first quarter of 2022 in the pharmaceutical subsector.For medical devices, however, the first quarter of 2022 witnessed a sharp increase ininvestments, reaching Uss 1.2 billion. At the same time, the biotechnology subsectoronly reached USs 55 million. Investment in the health-care subsector in 2021 was alsomore promising, with an uptick reaching close to USs 60 million.• FDI flows through cross-border M&As have been on a constant rise since the early2000s, with the total value of projects increasing from USs 2 billion to US$ 10.6 billionfrom 2001 to 2020. Most M&A deals in the region took place in the pharmaceuticalssubsector close to 2,500 between 2010 and 2020. This was followed by the health-care subsector and then biotechnology. Mergers and acquisitions in the Asia-Pacific region have been larger than greenfieldinvestment for the health sector, where ownership of assets is valued, given the healthsector's strategic importance in most countries.ASIA-PACIFIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT TRENDS 2022/2023 1 • China was the largest receiver of inward greenf