WorldTariffWTOITCUNCTADProfiles2022100SPSExport7550OtherlifyingDe mirilIndirect rmaterialPrice ControAcoessories, spare partsCumulatiorSPECIAL TOPICSFungible materials1.Preferentialrules of origin ininternationaltrade2.Non-tariff measureson"green"and"brown"energyproducts AboutthispublicationWorld Tariff Profiles is a co-publicaticn of the WTO,ITC and UNCTAD on market access for goods.This annual publication provides comprehensiveinformation on the tariffs and non-tariff measuresimposed by over 170 countries and customsterritories. Non-WTO members are included ifclata on the tariffs they applied in 2021 or 2020are available in the databases of the WTO, ITCor UNCTAD.FormoreinformationThe statistical tables included in thisreport can be downloaded from the WTOweb site at www.wto.org/statistics ContentsTABLESRYGeneral note and abbreviations2TEIntroduction3I. Summarytables4TariffDescription of column headings6Technical notesAll products8Agricultural products14Non-agricultural products20Trade26Description of eolumn headings26Technical notes27Irnports and exports profile28II.Country/territorytariffprofiles34In dex of tarff profiles36Technical notes37C ountry/territory tarff profiles42NON-TARIFFMEASURESIII.Non-tariffmeasures1981. Introduction2012. Statistics on some selected non-tariff measures2022.1. Anti-dumping2022.2. Countervailing measures2142.3. S afeguards222IV.SSpecial topicsIV SPECIALTOPICSPreferentlal rules of origin in International trade2301.1. Introduction2301.2. New comprehensive database of rule of origin2301.3, Preferential origin criteria2311.4.O rigin and certification provisions2331.5. Conclusions234Annex2352.Non-tariff measures on"green"and"brown"energy products2382.1. Introduction2382.2. Use of NTMs in 'green' and "brown" energy praoducts2392.3.Results and policy conclusions239ANNEXES2.4.References244Annex245v.Annexes246A. Data sources248B. Frequently asked questions253Acknowledgements256WTO ITC UNCTADDowrload the data:World Taritt Profiles 2022www.wto.crg/statietics1 GeneralnoteandabbreviationsAbbreviationsThe statistics related to applied tariffsnomenclature breakdowns, These are:AVGAverageand imports are calculated using(1) binding coverage; (2) tarff bindingsAGAgricultural productsdata which are based on the HSnot fully implermented; and (3) AVEs.nomenclature adopted by the countryWhile binding commitments coverAVEAd vaioram equivalentfor the referance year. For statisticson bound tariffs, the calculations arethis is not always the case forall agricultural products, in principle,HSHarmonized Systembased on the approved schedule ofnon-agricultural goods. There are a(nomenclature)concessions of the WTO member.numbar of WTO mambers where theXeWMaximum dutyIn previous issues of World Tariffbinding coverage for non-agriculturalN:WMost favoured nationProfles, each schadule is based onproducts is less and sometimesthe HS version which the membermuch less than 100 per cant. Also,AVNNon-ad valorem dutyused when it acceded to the WTO.a nunber of developed countriesStarting with the 2010 issue of thishave not yet fully bound alltheNon-AGNon agriculturalprodu ctspublication, bound tariff stafisticstariff lines in their schedules. AnySSGsplenfojes (oodsare based on the approved schedulecormparison of bound and appliedTLTarif lineof concessions for each membertarffindicators is only valid in casesin the most recent HS version. Thisof full binding coverage.UVUnit valuemight have sorne inplicalions on thehistorical series of various boundFor rnost WTO members, excepttariff indicators affected by the usethe most recently acceded ones,Notationsof a diferent nomenclalure. Whileall commitments dating back tothe member's commitments have notthe Uruguay Round have by nowchanged as a result of the transposition,been implemented. In casesNot applicablesorne aggregate statislics might havewhere commitments are not yet0= 0 (not rounded)been affected as a consequsnce oflully inplemented, one may see0.0the change to another HS version.MFN applied averages or maxima> 0 and < 0.05exceeding the corresponding bound100= 100 (not rounded)The classification of producls intoagricultural and non-agriculturalduty in dicators.100.0> 99.95 and < 100is based on Annex 1 of the WTOLast but not least, the calculationAgreernent on Agriculture which listsbetween bound and applied dutiesof AVEs may affect the comparisonBlankB ound or appliedduties and/or importsThe Annex enumerates HS codesall products covered in the Agreement.when the changes in nomenclatureare not availablethat are subject to the agriculturehave resulted in the use of differentat all for a givennegotiations in the WTO and areunit values. In other cases, boundcountry or territory.considered agricultural products.duties have been expressed in aIfalicsMaxima, based on AVEHS codes which are not in Annex 1way that is not directly comparableestimnates are printed inare subject to the non-agriculturalwith the currently used applieditalics; this also appliesmarkef access ne