数字世界中的身份：社会契约的新篇章

Identity in a Digital WorldA new chapter in the social contractSeptember 2018Insight Report World Economic Forum91-93 route de la CapiteCH-1223 Cologny/GenevaSwitzerlandTel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744Email: contact@weforum.orgwww.weforum.org© 2018 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.Our identity is precious; any digital identity program must be based on enabling meaningful trust, control and accountability. Yet even agreeing these principles are proving hard - implementing them will be even more so because of a confluence of political, economic, technological, cultural, legal and social factors.Amanda Long, Director-General, Consumers InternationalEach individual is unique. There are many factors that define us and our health, ranging from our genes and the way we manage our own health, to the environment and social context in which we each live. It is vital to create a secure information infrastructure where our Digital Identity can enable research to find new cures and optimized care pathways, as well access to quality care.Jeroen Tas, Chief Innovation and Strategy Officer, Royal PhilipsIf designed well, digital identities can foster inclusion in almost all aspects of lives in transformational ways. For small holder farmers, they hold the potential to help overcome the pervasive issues of social, economic and geographic isolation, and fragmentation which are at the root of poverty. And do so at an unprecedented scale.Ishmael Sunga, Chief Executive Officer, South African Confederation of Agricultural Unions (SACAU)We must finally learn that there are no technological solutions to complex socio-economic problems. We should pause and understand the reasons why identity is a barrier to so much, and remove unnecessary barriers instead of resorting to complex identity systems. We also need to safeguard against political and financial wills that build identity systems for efficiency and targeting, instead of the well-being of individuals.Gus Hosein, Executive Director, Privacy InternationalWe want everyone to thrive in the digital world - no one should be left behind. That means educating everyone on how to keep themselves and their data safe online, which is something that we at Barclays are very passionate about. But it also means ensuring universal access to a safe, secure and easy to use digital identity, so that everyone can confidently unlock the benefits of the digital economy.Jes Staley, Barclays Group Chief Executive Officer, BarclaysDigital identity is a powerful force for both positive and negative human experience. To create a digital identity system that is positive and sustainable for the long term we must develop user-centered solutions that enhance user safety, control and benefit.Mitchell Baker, Chairwoman of the Board, Mozilla Foundation and Mozilla CorporationWe are on the threshold of a new model of digital identity that expands beyond individuals to organizations, ‘things,’ devices and places. It will provide the foundation by which our digital selves will interact with online systems, control our connected devices, leverage the learnings of applied intelligence and protect the earth’s resources. Getting this right is critical to our future growth, responsibly harnessing technology innovation and enabling a better, more responsible digital life.Paul Daugherty, Chief Technology and Innovation Officer, Accenture 3Identity in a Digital WorldForewordExecutive summaryHow to use this publicationChapter 1: The case for good digital identityIdentity – shaping social contractsDigital Identities in our daily livesGrowing complexity, and responsibilityDivergent futuresFive elements of ‘good’ identityIdentity systems today: Three archetypesChapter 2: What could good look like?Doing digital identity better1. Fit for purpose2. Inclusive3. Useful4. Offers choice5. SecureChapter 3: Looking ahead: trends, opportunities, challenges What happens next?TrendsChallengesOpportunitiesChapter 4: Priorities for public-private cooperation Appendix I: Design considerations for practitionersAcknowledgementsAdditional readingEndnotesContents457899101111121718192021222324252525262729333537 4Identity in a Digital WorldForewordAs more people, devices and associated personal data get online, there is growing focus on a foundational element of this new digital environment – our identities. The ability to prove we are who we say we are will increasingly determine our opportunities to establish trust with each other and to carry out meaningful interactions in a digital economy. All over the world, a growing number of organizations – from the public and private sectors – are advancing systems that establish and verify digital identities for people, devices and other entities. This community is expanding in scope, growing beyond tr