高校校友观察中外高校毕业生职业发展研究与展望2021University Alumni Insights:Career Development Prospects for Chinese and Global Graduates 2021全球化智库（CCG）· 领英中国（LinkedIn） 新冠肺炎疫情的全球大流行使世界经济遭遇历史性衰退，劳动力市场也面临严峻挑战。根据国际劳工组织（International Labour Organization）《2021年世界就业和社会展望趋势报告》的最新评估，全球范围内，危机引发的就业损失预计将于2021年达到7500万，2022年全球失业人口总数预计将达到2.05亿人，相当于5.7%的失业率。报告同时指出，2020年青年就业率下降了8.7%，青年群体职业发展所受到的影响更加严重。中国作为世界第二大经济体，在疫情防控与经济复苏中率先取得阶段性成效，经济的稳步恢复与发展拉动了就业市场的持续回暖。但是，由于就业岗位供给情况仍受到外部环境复杂多变和未来市场不确定性的影响，2021年全国普通高校毕业生规模又达到909万人的历史新高，我国就业市场的供需两端均面临较大压力。高校毕业生是青年职业发展的重要群体，也是促进全球创新发展的重要力量，为了通过提供前瞻性分析来助力高校毕业生发展，进而为更加广泛的青年群体职业规划形成更多参考，全球化智库（CCG）与领英中国（LinkedIn）开展联合研究。基于领英平台大数据，我们对我国十所“双一流”高校（U10）及全球QS排名前100高校（G100）超过250万毕业生的职业发展路径进行深入分析，洞察中外高校毕业生职业发展的情况、变化与趋势。希望我们的报告能为中外高校毕业生、高校在读生，乃至即将步入高校的新生和高中毕业班学生提前规划职业发展路径提供帮助。报告还就高等教育、人才培养、就业政策，以及教育国际合作等方面提出了相关建议，供有关部门参考，以期助力新发展格局下我国国际化人才的培养与发展，推动国内国际双循环相互促进。 前 言① U10 高校分别为清华大学、北京大学、中国人民大学、复旦大学、上海交通大学、浙江大学、武汉大学、华中科技大学、南京大学、中山大学，排名不分先后。高校选择统筹考虑了高校领英平台注册用户数量、高校毕业生用户选择深造与就业的数量、学校声望，以及 QS、US News 世界大学综合排名等多个因素。② G100 高 校 按 照 2022 年 QS 世 界 大 学 排 名 选 取， 参 考 链 接：https://www.topuniversities.com/student-info/choosing-university/worlds-top-100-universities。G100 样本中包括 5 所 U10 学校，分别是清华大学、北京大学、复旦大学、浙江大学和上海交通大学。③ 样本包括了所有在领英填写 U10 及 G100 教育经历，并且在 2016 年至 2020 年间毕业的用户。其中，U10 样本量约为 19 万，G100 样本量约为 250 万。 The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered the deepest economic recession and severe labour market challenges in nearly a century. According to the latest assessment in World Employment and Social Outlook: Trend 2021 by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the crisis-induced global shortfall in jobs is projected to stand at 74 million in 2021, and with the lack of available jobs the global unemployment is expected to reach 205 million and the unemployment rate will stand at 5.7% in 2022. The report also noted that globally youth employment fell by 8.7% in 2020, indicating a severe disruption to the career development for young people. As the second largest economy in the world, China has pioneered in the successful containment of the Covid-19 transmission, and driven by the steady resume of economic activities, its job market has continued to recover. However, the supply of employment opportunities will still be impacted by the heightened uncertainties in the future market and the external circumstances. Also facing a difficult year are the group of university graduates whose number have reached a record high of 9.09 million in 2021, creating considerable pressure for both the supply and demand for labour.University graduates are one of the most important groups in facilitating youth career development and fostering global innovation. Aims to provide prospective analysis that helps the university graduates to make informed decisions about their career development, the Center for China and Globalization (CCG) and LinkedIn China initiated this joint research, which will also further function as a reference to a broader youth group regarding their career path. Based on LinkedIn’s big data, we conducted a “portrait analysis” on the profiles of more than 2.5 million graduates① from ten universities in China’s “Double First Class University Plan” ②(hereafter referred to as U10) and the top 100 universities located around the globe in QS World University Rankings③(hereafter referred to as G100) in order to comprehend the direction and trends in the career development of university graduates in China and around the world. We hope that our report can provide substantial help to university graduates, current university students, incoming university students and even those in the graduating class of high school in China and around the world for their career plans.The report also proposes recommendations on the development of higher education and talents, and international education cooperation in order to support the formulation of policy solutions for relevant government agencies. We hope that these findings provide instructive guide to the cultivation and development of international talents in China, and empower them to contribute to the new dynamics under the “domestic-international dual circulation”.① The sample includes all users who have added entries on LinkedIn about their education experience at U10 or G100 universities and graduated between 2016 and 2020. The sample size of U10 graduates is around 190 000, and that for G100 graduates is around 2 500 000.② U10 universities are Tsinghua University, Peking University, Renmin University of China, Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, Wuhan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Nanjing University and