2024气候危机中的创新与适应：技术新常态（英文版）- (1)

Innovation and Adaptation in the Climate Crisis: Technology for the New NormalINSIGHT REPORTJANUARY 2024In collaboration with Boston Consulting Group Images: Getty Images© 2024 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system.Disclaimer This document is published by the World Economic Forum as a contribution to a project, insight area or interaction. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are a result of a collaborative process facilitated and endorsed by the World Economic Forum but whose results do not necessarily represent the views of the World Economic Forum, nor the entirety of its Members, Partners or other stakeholders.ContentsForeword 3Executive summary 4Introduction 51 Comprehend risks (and opportunities) 121.1 Drones for data collection 141.2 IoT and sensors for data collection 141.3 Earth observation for planetary intelligence 151.4 Artificial intelligence 161.5 AR/VR to visualize climate impacts 191.6 Advanced computing to power intelligence 202 Build resilience 212.1 Climate-resilient infrastructure 242.2 Climate-resilient food systems 252.3 Resilient global supply chains 262.4 Advanced early warning systems 273 Respond dynamically 283.1 The first 72 hours 303.2 AI for humanitarian data collection 303.3 Earth observation for post-disaster analytics 313.4 AI for post-crisis decision-making 323.5 Drones to optimize search-and-rescue operations 333.6 AI to optimize mobility and evacuations 334 Multistakeholder collaboration and key enablers 354.1 Open source is the unlock 374.2 Repositioning adaptation to attract finance 404.3 Policy and regulation as a catalyst 41Conclusion 42Contributors 43Endnotes 45Innovation and Adaptation in the Climate Crisis2 ForewordRecent years have seen extreme weather events wrack the globe – from the 2021 flooding in Germany to this past year’s wildfires in Hawaii, Eastern Canada and Australia – leaving little doubt that the impacts of climate change are arriving. The climate science is clear that these impacts will become more volatile: the continuation of current emissions and nature degradation correlate with increased sudden- and slow-onset events within this decade. Mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has never been more urgent. At the same time, communities, businesses and governments must adapt to present and oncoming changes. Adaptation is the process of evolving to the effects of change – in this case, adjusting ecological, social and economic systems to alleviate the impacts of climate change. This includes crisis response for extreme events such as flooding and wildfires. It also encompasses multi-faceted, agile approaches for navigating a world where reliable climate and weather conditions can no longer be taken for granted. Leaders need new forms of intelligence to build resilience into their communities and businesses. Along the way, first-movers will find this is not only a risk mitigation strategy but also a source of competitive advantage.There are multiple interdependent approaches to climate adaptation, including economic incentives, policy and regulation, locally-led intervention, and nature-based approaches. Technology is a key enabler across all of them – helping leaders not only to assess climate risk but also to identify solutions and to build resilience in the real world. Data-driven and digital technologies, in particular, will be a critical source of adaptive value protection and creation. Advances in these technologies – particularly artificial intelligence (AI) – have been one of the major stories of 2023. This report outlines the roles that data-driven and digital technologies can play in supporting climate adaptation, from strengthening risk analytics and climate-proofing supply chains to powering R&D and discovery processes to yield the next generation of climate technologies.The Tech for Climate Adaptation Working Group, hosted by the World Economic Forum’s Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, convened to develop this report and advance applications and knowledge related to technology for climate adaptation. The working group includes leaders and experts from technology, industry, the public sector, academia and civil society. Its members have been essential to charting the scope of this report and bringing domain-specific insight to its chapters. There is no technological silver bullet for climate change. More to the point, there is no substitute for deep an