Driving to Net Zero Industry Through Long Duration Energy StorageNovember 2023 LONG DURATION ENERGY STORAGE (LDES)The Long Duration Energy Storage Council commissioned this report to demonstrate the current and potential applications for member technologies to decarbonize industry. There are multiple long duration energy storage technologies commercially available and under development. In general, these technologies provide more than eight hours of energy using a variety of electrochemical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical storage media.Many of these technologies have been under development for more than a decade and oftentimes utilize existing motors, pumps and other equipment that has already been utilized in other industries.1The importance of long duration energy storage technologies will increase in line with increasing saturation of intermittent renewable energy supply on electric grids around the world. This report examines how long duration energy storage technologies can decarbonize fossil fueled industrial processes by utilizing this renewable energy supply to provide reliable baseload electric supply.The Long Duration Energy Storage Council commissioned global management consulting firm Roland Berger to conduct the analysis and compile the report.Roland Berger collaborated with the Long Duration Energy Storage Council staff as well as its technology and anchor members on the content, analysis and assumptions in this report. ABOUT THE LDES COUNCILThe Long Duration Energy Storage Council (LDES Council) is global non-profit organization committed to decarbonizing global energy systems by 2040 through the development, deployment, and integration of long duration energy storage technologies (LDES).The LDES Council's mission is to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable and resilient energy future by advocating for policies, fostering innovation, and promoting collaboration among its membership and stakeholders in the energy industry. As the leading voice in advocating for the widespread adoption of diverse long duration energy storage technologies, the LDES Council provides guidance and reports to enable the integration of renewable energy sources and enhance grid stability using LDES technologies to achieve a flexible, secure, reliable, affordable, and fossil fuel free energy system.ABOUT ROLAND BERGERHeadquartered in Munich, Germany, Roland Berger is a global management consulting firm of approximately 3,500 consultants. Roland Berger has more than 50 offices in 30 countries, and specializes in supporting its industrials, utility, investor and government clients through the energy transition.Preface1 "The idea of hydraulic energy storage by means of pumps and turbines was born at the end of the 19th century in Switzerland and in Germany. The first pumped storage plant was built in Zurich in 1891 at the Limmat river followed by a second installation 1894 at lake Maggiore and a third one 1899 at the Aare river. The principle of pumped storage was first realized in Germany 1891, where a steam machine was driving a centrifugal pump for dewatering the Rosenhof ore mine in the Upper Harz mountain by filling an upper reservoir, which was serving a separate water wheel." Krueger, K., 2020. Pumped Hydroelectric Storage. In K. Brun, T. Allison, and R. Dennis: Thermal, Mechanical, and Hybrid Chemical Energy Storage, New York, NY: Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-12-819892-62 Contents 01 02 03 04 0506 PrefaceExecutive summaryGlossaryThe case for industrial decarbonizationNet Zero Industry: Methodology overview Off-grid electric "Easy-to-electrify" heat "Hard-to-electrify" heatSupporting policy mechanismsAppendix A. Data centersB. Analytical approachC. Technologies – technical and cost assumptionsD. Case study approach and status quo assumptionsE. Long Duration Energy Storage Council members247815222737444849525657603 LDES technologies paired with renewables are a viable, cost-efficient and readily appliable option for industrial decarbonization, as observers consider these technologies “An embarrassingly simple solution for industrial emissions.”2 Moreover, long duration energy storage technologies are already being piloted by blue chip industrial firms, as they are impatient to decarbonize now and LDES gives them this opportunity. Tata Steel, ArcelorMittal, BHP, Rio Tinto, Yara, Avery Dennison, Eni and Microsoft are among the industrial firms embarking on projects to demonstrate the ability of LDES technologies to decarbonize their operations.LDES technologies' costs, capabilities, and durability enable them to support a wide range of applications for Long duration energy storage technologies paired with renewables could reduce global industrial greenhouse gas emissions by 65%.One of the most attractive current applications for LDES techn